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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Compliments of 



MRS. A. M. CLARK, 

SECRETARY. 




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REPORT 



OF THE 



/ 

KANSAS BOARD 



OF 



WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS, 



CONTAINING 

Report of the "Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit," from April 1892, to March 1893, 

and transactions of the "Kansas Board of World's Fair Managers," 

from March 1893, to December 1893, 

TOGETHER WITH 

ILLUSTEATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS IN DETAIL OF ALL 
KANSAS EXHIBITS AND AWARDS. 



1893. 



TOPEKA. 
PRESS OF THE HAMILTON PRINTING COMPANY 

Edwin H. Snow, State Printer. 

1894. 



<-^ 






NOTICE. 

The illustrations in this book are from photographs made by the World's 
Pair Official Photographer. Each and every one of them is copyrighted, and 
any infringement thereon, or unauthorized use thereof, will be prosecuted to 
the full extent of the law. 






4^ 



Letter of Transmittal. 



ToPEKA, Kas., December 9, 1893. 
To [Hon. L. D. Lewelling, Governor of Kansas: 

Sir — The Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas have the honor to- 
submit herewith their report, as required by law. 

Kespectfully, M. W. Cobun, Presideiit. 

L. P. King, Vice President 
Mrs. a. M. Clark, Secretary. 
T. J. Anderson, Treasurer. 
H. H. Kern, Superintendent 
G. W. Glick. 
A. P. Collins. 



Contents. 



Lettee of Teansmittal iii 

List of Illusteations v 

Repobt of Oeiginal Boaed (1892) 1 

Repoet of Boaed of Managees (1893) 8 

Act of the Legislature 8 

Organization . . . 10 

Kansas Building 19 

Decoration of first floor 20 

C. R. I. & P. railway exhibit 22 

Exhibits on lower floor 24 

Silk exhibit 26 

State Normal School exhibit 26 

State Agricultural College exhibits 27 

Deaf and Dumb Institute exhibit 29 

State University exhibit 29 

Miscellaneous exhibits 37 

Description of rooms on first floor 37 

A. T. & S. F. Railroad exhibit 38 

M. K. & T. Railway exhibit 39 

Kansas educational exhibits 40 

The woman's room 43 

Exhibits on second floor 47 

Ladies' parlor 52 

Historical and reading room 56 

Gentlemen's parlor 57 

Kansas Jelly Exhibit 57 

Hoeticultueal Exhibit 58 

Kansas Pavilion — Agricultural Building 62 

Mining Exhibit 73 

FoEESTET Exhibit 79 

Live Stock 79 

Daiey Exhibit 82 



VI CONTENTS. 

List of A wabds 87 

Dairy 88 

Agricultural 89 

Educational 90 

Mining 91 

Miscellaneous 91 

Financial Exhibit — Treasurer's Report 92 

Conclusion 94 

Appendix 97 

Dedicatory program 99 

Address of Chief Justice Horton 100 

Columbian Ode 101 

Kansas Week 106 

Program Ill 

Address of Governor Lewelling 112 



List of Illustrations. 



I. — Kansas State B uiiiDiNG — Main entrance and east wing. 

II. — ^Fbont Entrancb — Kansas Building, Hutchinson fountain and rock salt in foreground. 
III. — VESTiBuiiE— Kansas Building. Showing wall decorations. 
IV. — Wall Dbcokations — Kansas Building. 
V. — Graih Decorations — Kansas Building. 
"VI. — Intirior of East Wing — Kansas Building. 

VII. —Wall Decorations — Kansas Building. Kock salt and Cottonwood Falls building stone. 
VIII. — Grain Decoration — Kansas Building. C. R. I, & P. Railway exhibit. 
IX. — Wall Decoration — Kansas Building. Map of C. R. I. & P. Railway system. 
X. — Wyandotte County Exhibit — Kansas Building, 
XI. — Interior of South Wing, first floor — Kansas Building. 
XII. — Grain Decorations, second floor — Kansas Building. 
XIII. — Interior View of North Wing, second floor — Kansas Building. Showing miniature track 

of Santa F6 Railroad. 
XIV. — Wall Decorations, second fl oor, south end — Kansas Building. Showing miniature track 

of Santa F6 Railroad. 
XV. — Interior, general view — Kansas Building. Showing first floor, wall decorations upstairs, 

and miniature track of Santa F^ Railroad. 
XVI,— Interior Decoration of Dome — Kansas Building. 
XVII, — Pagoda of Grain, first floor — Kansas Building, 
XVIII. — Pyramid of Grain — Kansas Building. 
XIX. — Pyramid of Grain and Grasses— Kansas Building. 
XX. — Pyramid of Grasses, west wing — Kansas Building. 
XXI.— The Emporia Fountain- Kansas Building. 
XXII. — Fruit Exhibit — Kansas Building. 
XXIII. — Silk Exhibit — Kansas Building. 

XXIV. — North American Mammals — Kansas Building. Exhibited by the State University, 
XXV, — North American Mammals — Kansas Building, Exhibited by the State University, 
XXVI. — North American Mammals — Kansas Building. Exhibited by the State University. 
XXVII, — Intbrior View, east wing— Kansas Building. 
XXVm. — Mantel in Reception Room — Kansas Building. Constructed of Russell county building 
stone. 
XXIX. — Interior View, second floor — Kansas Building. Showing M. K. & T. Railway exhibit. 
XXX. — Educational Exhibit — Kansas Building. 
XXXI. — South Wall, Woman's Department — Kansas Building, 
XXXII. — Woman's Department — Kansas Building. 
XXXIII. — Ladies' Parlor — Kansas Building. 
XXXIV. — Ladies' Parlor— Kansas Building. 
XXXV.— Partial view of Reading Room and Historical Sociktt Exhibit, second floor — Kansas 

Building. 

(vii) 



Viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

XXXVI.— Gentlkmbn'8 Pablor— Kansas Building. 
XXXVII.— Gentlbmkn'8 Parlor— Kansas Building. 
XXXV^II.— Kansas Jelly Exhibit— Horticultural Building. 
XXXIX.— Partial view of Kansas Horticultural Display- Horticultural Building. 
XL.— Kansas Pavilion— Agricultural Building. Northwest view. 
XLI.— Kansas Pavilion— Agricultural Building. Southeast view. 
XLII.— Kansas Pavilion— Agricultural Building. West end. 
XLIII.— Kansas Pavilion— Agricultural Building. Interior view. 
XLIV.— Kansas exhibit of Spelter and Zinc Ores— Mines and Mining Building. 
XLV.— Kansas exhibit of Pig Lead and Lead Ores— Mines and Mining Building. 
XL VI.— Kansas exhibit of Lead Ores— Mines and Mining Building. 



Report of the Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, 
World's Columbian Exposition Corporation. 



^ April 1892 to March 1893. 

ToPEKA, Kas., March, 1893. 

To Hon. L. D. Lewelling, Governor: 

A delegate convention, called by the State Board of Agriculture, convened 
in the hall of the house of representatives on the 23d and 24th days of April, 
1891, for the purpose of taking such action as might provide the means to se- 
cure a representation of the products and resources of the state of Kansas at 
the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. 

This convention decided that $100,000 would be needed to enable the state 
to be creditably represented. A committee known as the bureau of promotion, 
composed of 21 members, three from each congressional district, selected by 
the delegates present, was organized, and vested with general authority to in . 
augurate the work, and provide for a later convention for the purpose of 
electing a permanent Board of Managers. 

April 30, an apportionment was made, dividing the sum of $100,000 be- 
tween the counties and railroad companies operating lines within the state, 
on the basis of assessed valuation, and an address was issued submitting plans 
for county organizations, and calling upon counties and railroad companies 
to subscribe the sums allotted to them. 

May 22, premiums were offered for such cereals and grains on the straw 
and grasses as could be collected from the growing crop. Samples of products 
competing for these premiums were received until July 25. Premiums awarded 
were paid August 11. 

September 16, the convention for the election of a permanent Board of 
Managers assembled in the Senate chamber, in the city of Topeka, at 2 : 30 
o'clock p. M. 

The Treasurer's report showed : 

Total collections |1,844 73 

Total expenditures 548 17 

Cash balance on hand $1,296 56 

The April convention provided that the permanent Board of Managers 
should be composed of nine members, one from each congressional district 



2 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

and two at large. Before proceeding to the election of the Board of Man- 
agers, Mrs. Robt. B. Mitchell and Mrs. Lewis Hanback,the Kansas members 
of the national board of lady managers, were elected as ex officio membei*s 
of the Board, in addition to the nine members to be elected. 

The following Board of Managers was elected : 

At Large — A. W. Smith and F. Wellhouse. 

First District — W. A. Harris. 

Second District — R. W. Sparr. 

Third District — E. H. Brown. 

Fourth District — A. S. Johnson. 

Fifth District— W. H. Smith. 

Sixth District — Wm. Simpson. 

Seventh District — O. B. Hildreth. 

The Board made the following organization : 

President — A. W. Smith. 

Vice President — A. S. Johnson. 

Secretary — W. H. Smith. 

Treasurer — Samuel T. Howe. 

Executive Committee — A. W. Smith, A. S. Johnson, F. Wellhouse, R. W. 
Sparr, and W. H. Smith. 

Auditing Committee — W. A. Harris, E. H. Brown, Wra. Simpson, and 
O. B. Hildreth. 

Prof. Henry Worrall was retained in charge of exhibits collected, and ap- 
pointed as agent to visit fairs and make additional collections. Samples of 
products at that time on exhibition at the state fair were secured. Storage 
room was provided, and members of the Board were charged with the duty 
of securing exhibits from fairs held in their respective districts. 

October 22, a committee was appointed to visit the exposition grounds to 
select a site for a state building. A resolution was adopted requiring each 
member to visit the counties in his district and report the condition of the 
work. An address reciting the steps that had been taken, and repeating the 
apportionment of funds allotted to each county and railroad company, and 
calling upon the people and the press of the state to cooperate with the Board 
of Managers, was adopted. 

Mrs. Robert B. Mitchell and Mrs. Lewis Hanback, having been authorized 
to organize women's Columbian clubs, presented an address giving an outline 
of their work, which was approved. Both addresses were published Novem- 
ber 10. Correspondence was invited and opened with all organizations 
already made. 

December 2, the Board came together, and reported upon the progress of 
the work as they had found it in their respective districts. It became fully 
apparent that the work remaining to be done was greater than had been an- 
ticipated. Counties having 10 per cent, of their allotment paid in at the 
time of the convention were found without active organizations, and without 
subscriptions covering the remaining 90 per cent. Counties reported favor- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 3 

ably and "depended upon" had given the enterprise but little attention, and 
had not secured subscriptions; published statements largely overestimating 
the amount of subscriptions secured had created an impression that sufficient 
pledges had been made, and subscriptions, for this reason, were more difficult 
to obtain. The policy of requiring each member to visit the counties in his 
district for the purpose of creating an interest in the work was agreed upon. 
At this meeting it was decided to incorporate the Board of Managers. A 
charter was prepared and signed, making each member, including the lady- 
members, a director of the corporation. 

December 3, the Board of Directors organized, reelected their former offi- 
cers, reappointed all former committees, ratified and accepted all previous 
minutes, and adopted by-laws for the government of the corporation. 

The committee on location of site reported the assignment of one of the 
most eligible sites on the grounds for a state building, and recommended its 
acceptance. Applications for space in all of the national buildings were made. 

Premiums were offered, and the architects of Kansas were invited to com- 
pete in furnishing designs for the state building. A committee to confer with 
fair associations and secure cooperation in collecting exhibits was appointed. 

February 16, 1892, arrangements were completed with the State Fair As- 
sociation, at Topeka, and Southern Kansas Fair Association, at Wichita, by 
which the associations named offered large premiums for all nonperishable 
farm products, and the Board of Managers assisted the associations by pub_ 
lishing and giving wide circulation to the premium lists. 

February 17, designs for the state building were examined, and premiums 
awarded: First premium, $200, Seymour Davis, Topeka; second premium, 
$150, J. W. Perkins, Topeka; third premium, $100, Geo. P. Washburn, Ot- 
tawa. 

March 1, Seymour Davis was employed to superintend the construction of 
the state building, he agreeing to accept $250 and necessary expenses for his 
services. 

March 15, the Secretary and Hon. Martin Mohler, secretary of the State 
Board of Agriculture, commenced a work which they continued through the 
summer, holding meetings in a large number of the counties for the purpose 
of organizing county Columbian associations and county agricultural socie- 
ties, the immediate purpose being the collection of funds and materials for 
the Kansas exhibit, and the further purpose of creating a greater general in- 
terest in the work of the State Board of Agriculture. 

March 31, specifications and working plans for the state building were 
approved, and competition in the construction of the building invited 

April 28, proposals were opened, and the contract for construction awarded 
to Fellows & Vansant, of Topeka, their bid, $19,995, being the lowest propo- 
sition received. 

June 6, the first payment for material in place and labor performed on 
Kansas building was made; amount, $2,000. July 1, $4,000, and August 8, 
$5,000, were paid. At this time the funds in the hands of the Treasurer were 



4 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

exhausted, and the Secretary was authorized to secure 81,800 on the note of 
the corporation to pay outstanding warrants and provide for current expenses. 

September 6, the funds received enabled the Board to pay their outstand- 
ing note, but another payment of $4,500 being due, So,000 was borrowed to 
meet it and provide for current expenses. 

October 10, the contractors having notified the Board that the building 
would be completed and ready for acceptance, it was decided to receive and 
dedicate it with appropriate ceremony October 22. The Secretary was di- 
rected to prepare a program. Three hundred dollars was paid to the con- 
tractors, and the Secretary was instructed to make further payments from 
time to time as money was received. Under this authority payments of 8600 
and $400 were made, respectively, October 26 and 31. 

October 22, at 10:80 a. m., the ceremony in dedication was commenced, 
and at noon that day the Kansas building stood the first completed and dedi- 
cated state building on the exposition grounds. 

On November 11 a payment of $3,095 was made to the contractors on the 
building, the Board borrowing $3,000 to meet the obligation. 

November 21, Prof. S. W. Williston and Prof. Erasmus Haworth, both of 
the State University, were placed in charge of the department of mines and 
mining, and authorized to collect and prepare the Kansas exhibit in that de- 
partment. The contractors presented a bill of 82,442.10 for extra labor per- 
formed and material furnished on account of changes made in the Kansas 
building, under ordei-s of the chief of construction. A committee was ap- 
pointed to investigate and audit the claim. 

December 6, information of the death of O. B. Hildreth, member of the 
Board from the seventh district, at his home in Harvey county, December 3, 
was received. Resolutions were adopted, expressing the esteem in which Mr. 
Hildreth was held by the members of the Board, and expressing the sympathy 
of each of the members for Mrs. Hildreth and family in this affliction. 

The note for $5,000 negotiated September 6, being due, was paid, and a 
payment of $2,000 was made on contractors' bill for extra labor and material, 
the Board borrowing 87,500 to meet these payments and other current ex- 
penses. 

January 4, 1893, $200 was paid to the contractors, leaving a balance of 
$100 due upon the building, and $242.10 on bill for extras. 

The foregoing statements, compiled from the records in the Secretary's of- 
fice, show the steps that have been taken to carry the work to its present con- 
dition. The difficulties encountered and the progress made cannot all be 
learned from the recorded proceedings of the Board. It has been the pur- 
pose of the Board of ^lanagers to do only those things absolutely necessary 
to hold our place in line with other states until the legislature would meet, 
and then ask the state to assume control of the enterprise. It was for this 
reason that the apportionment made by the bureau of promotion was divided, 
and only 50 per cent, of the allotments made were called. We have taken a 
lot and erected a building, and made a large collection of nonperishable farm 




II— Front Entrance— Kansas Building Hutchinson fountain and 
rock salt in foreground. (Page 19.) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 5 

products, because this work, if done at all, had to be done prior to the present 
time. The lot secured is one of the most desirable on the exposition grounds- 
The building is a credit to the state, and is admirably adapted to the purpose 
for which it was constructed, its prominent feature being the large exhibition 
rooms in both stories, where samples of our products and resources will invite 
the attention of the world. 

For the purpose of collecting funds and exhibits, 76 Columbian associa- 
tions have been organized. All of these organizations solicited and obtained 
subscriptions, but only 50 of them collected and paid in money. They gen- 
erally collected exhibits, and these collections, when added to those secured 
by the premiums offered in May, 1891, and those received from fair associa- 
tions during the years 1891 and 1892, will enable the state to present a cred- 
itable display of farm products in the national building and duplicate it in 
the state building. 

Our two lady managers have devoted their entire time to the work of their 
department, and will present an exhibit that will be an honor to the state. 
In addition to exhibits in every department, they will have an excellent col- 
lective display in the state building, and have secured tables, chairs, tapestry 
and furniture of every description for the building. 

Professors AYilliston and Haworth, in charge of our mining exhibit, have 
their work well inaugurated, and will present an exhibit of the economic 
geology of the state that will be extensive and beautiful, and will expose un- 
developed wealth in the state in a way that will surprise our own citizens and 
attract investments. 

The educational exhibit is under charge of a board of directors appointed 
by the State Teachers' Association. They have consulted with us at differ- 
ent times, and we have assigned them space in the state building ; but the 
preparation of their exhibit and the collection of necessary funds for the 
same have been under their own control, and their receipts and disbursements 
are not made a part of our financial statement. 

The State Agricultural College has made collections of the woods of the 
state, and will be able to present an interesting exhibit in the forestry build- 
ing. Our means were so limited that we were unable to render them assist- 
ance. They will make a display of the educational features of the college 
in the state building, and have a large collection of agricultural products 
that are available for the agricultural exhibit. 

The State Historical Society, which was invited by the Board of Man- 
agers to make an exhibit from its collections, in the reading room of the Kan- 
sas building, duly accepted the invitation, and has appointed a committee 
to make arrangements for the exhibit. Pictures, historical papers, Kansas 
books, aboriginal relics, and objects of all kinds, illustrative of Kansas his- 
tory and of the life and customs of the people, will be brought into this ex- 
hibit. 

The State Normal School will place a handsome cabinet in the state 
building, with an exhibit from that institution. 



6 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Preliminary work has been done by the horticjlturists of the state, and 
they will be ready to maintain Kansas in her position as a great fruit grow- 
ing state. 

The dairymen's association are preparing to present exhibits of their prod- 
ucts. 

Live stock, manufactures, and other industries are receiving attention 
from individuals and associations interested; and we feel that we have ac- 
complished our purpose and performed a service that will enable the state to 
make a creditable exhibition of her products and resources at the exposition- 
The management has been economical The members of the Board have 
given their time and performed their duties without salary. The two lady 
members have given their entire time and have received no compensation.* 
The Secretary, who has devoted his entire time, has been given a salary of 
$90 per month. 

The kindness of Hon. F. P. Baker, who has furnished the Secretary with 
an office, heated, lighted and cared for without cost, from the commencement 
of our work to the present time, is gratefully acknowledged. 

We are also indebted to the several railroad companies operating lines 
within the state for free transportation within the state. Their courtesy 
was a valuable assistance. 

The following is a complete statement of our receipts and expenditures: 



ITEMS. 



Receipts. 



Expenditures. 



Received from bureau of promotion $1,296 56 

Received from counties, companies, and individuals 17,253 08 

Received borrowed money 17,431 25 

Paid premiums for designs for state building 

" contractors for building : 

*' commission to architect 

*' expense of architect superintending 

*' expense of state architect presenting plans for ap-| 

proval 

*' janitor in state building 

*' furniture and fuel in state building 

*' expense at dedication 

*' insurance 

*' salary of secretary, at $90 per month 

■" expense of lady managers 

*' printing and stationery 

*' rent of warehouse 

** traveling expense of members of the board 

*' collection and transportation of exhibits 

*' service of decorator 

■" miscellaneous expenses by secretary, including post- 
age, express, office supplies, and traveling expense! 
of secretary, and railroad fare for persons in serv- 
ice of the board j 

*' discounts on notes sold I 

" notes ' 

Account with treasurer overdrawn 322 79 ' 

Warrants not presented j 861 68 | 

Totals I $37,166 76 I $37,165 26 









$450 


00 


2.>,237 


10 


250 


00 


340 


00 


31 


00 


60 


00 


69 


30 


104 


25 


375 


00 


1,539 


00 


315 


40 


466 


50 


370 


00 


770 


80 


1.581 


41 


133 


66 


493 


43 


478 


00 


6,800 


00 


287 


42 





* Tho lady niprabers wore subsequently paid $500 each by action of the legislature. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 
The liabilities of the Board of Managers are: 



ITEMS. 



Due counties and corporations 

" on outstanding notes 

" Treasurer on warrants paid 

" on outstanding warrants 

" contractors, when building is complete. 



Total. 



Amount. 




$19,097 


81 


10,631 


25 


322 


79 


851 


58 


200 


00 


$31,103 


43 



For the information of the persons who advanced the money that has been 
expended, and the legislature who are asked to assume this enterprise for the 
state, and for your consideration and advice to the legislature, the above re- 
port of the proceedings of the Board of Managers is respectfully submitted. 

THE BOARD. 

At Large. — A. W. Smith, Groveland, McPherson county. 

Fbederiok WELiiHOusE, Fairmount, Leavenworth county. 
First District — W. A. Hakbis, Linwood, Leavenworth county. 
Second District — R. W, Spabk, Lawrence, Douglas county. 
Third District — E. H. Beown, Girard, Crawford county. 
Fourth District — A. S. Johnson, Topeka, Shawnee county. 
Fifth District — W. H. Smith, Marysville, Marshall county. 
Sixth District — Wm. Simpson, Norton, Norton county. 
Seventh District — * 

Mes. Robt. B. Mitchell, Fort Scott, Bourbon county. 
Mbs. Lewis Hanback, Topeka, Shawnee county. 



■ The member for this district, O. B. Hildreth, died December 3, 1892. 



Report of the "Board of World's Fair 
Manajfers, of Kansas." 



March to December, 1893, 



ToPEKA, Kas., December 14, 1893. 
To Hon. L. D. Lewelling, Governor : 

Sir — The foregoing report of the "Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, 
World^s Columbian Exposition Corporation" in brief, including the finan- 
cial exhibit, discloses the progress made and the condition of the work as re- 
ported to the Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas when it assumed 
control, in accordance with the following act of the legislature, approved 
March 4, 1893: 

An Act to provide for the collection, arrangement and display of the products of the state of Kansas 
at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and to provide for the transfer of the property of the 
Board of Managers Kansas World's Columbian Exposition Corporation, and to make an appropria- 
tion therefor, and to pay certain expenses already incurred in preparing for said exhibit, and to 
declare the powers of said corporation respecting said property. 

Whereas, The congress of the United States has provided, by an act approved 
April 25, 1890, for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of 
America by Christopher Columbus, by holding an international exposition of arts, 
industries, manufactures, and the products of the field, mine, and sea, in the city of 
Chicago, in the state of Illinois, in the year 1893; and 

Wheeeas, It is of great importance that the natural resources, industrial develop- 
ment and general progress and wealth of the state of Kansas should be fully and 
creditably displayed to the world at said exhibition; and 

Wheeeas, The Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit,World's Columbian Exposition 
Corporatioii has expended a large sum of money in securing an eligible location and 
erecting a suitable building, and making other necessary preparations to enable the 
state of Kansas to make a creditable exhibition thereat; therefore, 
Be it enacted by the legislature of the state of Kansas : 

Section 1. That for the purpose of exhibiting the resources, products and gen- 
eral development of the state of Kansas at the World's Columbian Exposition of 
1893, a commission is hereby constituted, to be designated the "Board of World's 
Fair Managers, of Kansas," which shall consist of seven citizens, one to be appointed 
from each congressional district, to be organized and continue in its duties as here- 
inafter provided: Provided, That no more than three of said commissioners shall be- 
long to the same political party. 

Sec. 2. That members of said Board shall be appointed by the governor within 
10 days after the passage of this act, and shall meet at such time as the governor 
may appoint, and organize by the election of a President, a Vice President, a Secre- 

(8) 




in.— Vestibule— Kansas Building. Showing wall decorations. (Page 19.) 




IV.— Wall Decorations— Kansas Building. (Page 20.) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 9 

tary, and a Treasurer. The Treasurer of said Board shall give a bond to the state 
in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), in sufficient securities, to be 
approved by the governor, for the proper performance of his duties. Four mem- 
bers of said Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The 
Board shall have the power to make rules and regulations for its own government: 
Provided, Such rules and regulations shall not conflict with the regulations adopted 
under the act of congress for the government of the World's Columbian Exposition. 
Any member of the Board may be removed at any time by the governor for cause. 
Any vacancy which shall occur in the membership of said Board shall be filled by 
the governor. 

Sec. 3. The Board of World's Fair Managers is authorized and directed to as- 
sume and exercise all such executive powers and functions as may be necessary to 
secure a complete and creditable display of the interests of the state at the World's 
Columbian Exposition of 1893; and they shall have personal charge of the solicita- 
tions, collections, transportation, arrangements and exhibition of the objects sent 
under the authority of the state to the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and 
of such objects sent by individual citizens of the state as may be by them placed in 
their charge. 

Sec. 4. Each member of the Board appointed under this act shall be entitled to 
receive for their salary and expenses the sum of $4 per day for the time actually 
employed: Provided, however, That the Secretary shall receive the additional sum of 
$1 per day. 

Sec. 5. The Board shall have charge of the interest of the state and its citizens 
in the preparation and exhibition at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and 
of the natural, agricultural, live stock, horticultural and industrial products of the 
state, and of objects illustrating its history, progress, moral and material welfare 
and future development, and in all matters relating to the said World's Columbian 
Exposition; it shall communicate with the officers and obtain and disseminate 
through the state necessary information regarding said exposition, and in general 
shall have and exercise full authority in relation to the participation of the state of 
Kansas and its citizens in the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

Sec. 6. The said Board shall make report of its proceedings and expenditures 
from time to time to the governor and at any time upon his written request, to be 
transmitted to the legislature, together with such suggestions as they may deem 
important regarding provisions for a complete and creditable representation of the 
state at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

Sec. 7. To carry out the provisions of this act and to pay the expenses already 
incurred, the sum of sixty-five thousand dollars ($65,000), or as much thereof as 
may be necessary, is hereby appropriated and the state treasurer is directed to pay 
the same from the revenue fund, from time to time, on the requisition of said Board, 
signed by the President and Secretary, and approved by the governor, and accom- 
panied by estimates of the expenses to the payment of which the money so drawn 
is to be applied. Provided, That the Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas, as 
herein constituted, is hereby empowered to receive the so called Kansas World's 
Fair building at Chicago which is partially completed and such exhibit so far as 
collected as in their judgment is desirable, and settle for the same in such manner 
as may appear to said Board to be equitable and just: Provided, however. That the 
amount subscribed and paid by the different counties and corporations shall remain 
in the treasury of the state subject to the order of the World's Fair treasurer of 
the different counties or corporations, and if there be no such treasurer then the 
county treasurer shall draw such money upon his warrant, sworn and subscribed to, 
that the amount so demanded was paid and contributed to the World's Fair fund by 



10 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

his county or corporation. And the said treasurer, upon proper showing and proof, 
shall disburse the said amount to the respective parties or corporations contribut- 
ing the same and shall take a receipt therefor: Provided, furthey^, That no warrant 
shall be drawn on the treasurer for any expenses already incurred by the Board of 
Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Columbian Exhibition Corporation or until such 
corporation shall have transferred all its property, franchises, leases, etc., and as- 
signed all of its policies of insurance to the commission herein created, nor until 
there shall have been presented to the governor of the state an itemized statement 
thereof, together with such proof of the correctness thereof as he may require, and 
until such bills shall have indorsed thereon his approval in writing: Provided, fur- 
ther, That at the termination of the exposition all mineral specimens or peculiar 
specimens of wood and engravings, and such articles and specimens as may be 
placed in the charge of said Board by private citizens or state institutions, shall be 
returned to the parties entitled to the same; but the proceeds of all property sold 
which was built, made or acquired by reason of this appropriation shall be turned 
into the state treasury and constitute a part of the general fund. 

Sec. 8. The Managers are hereby authorized to exchange with other states and 
nations duplicate specimens when practicable, and add such articles as may thus be 
received in exchange to the original collections from this state, all of which, at the 
close of the exposition, shall be returned by said Managers to the agricultural rooms 
in the statehouse, at Topeka, there to constitute a m.useum and to be preserved as 
the property of the state. 

Sec. 9, This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication 
once in the official state paper. 

Approved March 4, 1893. 

Under this act, Goveroor Lewelling appointed T. J. Anderson, of the 
fourth district; A. P. Collins, fifth district; G. W. Glick, first district; H. H. 
Kern, second district; M. W. Cobun, seventh district; L. P. King, third dis- 
trict; Mrs. A. M. Clark, sixth district; who met at the call of the governor, 
March 6, 1893, in Topeka. A permanent organization was not effected, 
owing to the absence of some of the appointees, and the meeting was ad- 
journed until March 7, at 8 o'clock a. m. No business of any importance 
was transacted at this meeting, and another adjournment was taken until 7 
o'clock p. M., at the same place. 

The Board met at the appointed time, and all members being present, a 
partial organization was effected, by the election of M. W. Cobun as Presi- 
dent, L. P. King as Vice President, and T. J. Anderson as Treasurer. The 
election of a Secretary was postponed, owing to a difference of opinion pre- 
vailing among the members as to whether the Secretary must be chosen from 
among the Board or not. The following resolution was adopted : 

Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed by the President, to proceed at 
once to Chicago, to examine and report upon the condition of the Kansas building, 
investigate and report upon the cost of making a display in the several national 
buildings, and upon such other matters as may be thought necessary, and to report 
at a meeting of the Board March 18, at 8 o'clock p. m. 

A resolution was also adopted inviting W. H. Smith, Secretary of the 
outgoing Board, to accompany the committee, the expense of the trip to be 
charged to the World's Fair fund; also, that the outgoing Board of the Kan- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 11 

sas exhibit be requested to meet with this Board Monday, March 13, 1893, at 
8 o'clock p. M., prepared to make the transfer of the Kansas building at Chi- 
cago and other property, as contemplated by the act creating this Board of 
Managers. 

The chairman appointed T. J. Anderson and M. W. Cobun a committee to 
visit Chicago for the purposes named in the resolution. The following reso- 
lutions were also adopted: 

Resolved, That H. H. Kern be requested to at once take charge of the articles for 
exhibition now in the warehouse, send for all collections in the state, and proceed at 
once to put the materials for exhibit into proper condition for use at Chicago. 

Resolved, That the President and Vice President be made a committee to prepare 
an estimate of the amount of money necessary to be drawn for the present use of 
the Board. 

It was found impossible for M. W. Cobun to serve on committee to Chi- 
cago, on account of legislative duties. The Board adjourned, to meet at the 
office of the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, in the statehouse, 
March 13, 8 o'clock p. m. 

Board met as per adjournment, the old Board meeting with them in joint 
session. A motion was made and carried that a committee of three persons 
be appointed by the chairman of each Board, to meet at No. 722 Jackson 
street, Topeka, at 9 o'clock A. m., March 14, 1893, to report a plan by which 
the property now in possession of the old Board be transferred to the new 
Board, the new Board agreeing to assume the indebtedness of the old Board, 
as reported by the joint committee, adopted by the Board, and approved by 
the governor. 

The old Board then withdrew, and the new Board proceeded to complete 
their organization by the election of Mrs. A. M. Clark, Secretary. 

On motion, the President appointed G. W. Glick, Tr J. Anderson and H. 
H. Kern a committee to meet with the old Board, to make settlement as 
above referred to. 

T. J. Anderson reported that his official bond, as Treasurer of the Board, 
had been approved by the governor, and filed with the secretary of state. 

In accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Board, T. J. Anderson 
submitted a report of his visit to Chicago, which was satisfactory to the Board. 
An adjournment was then taken until 2 o'clock p.m., March 14. 

At this meeting all members of the Board were present; also Messrs. S. T. 
Howe, A. S. Johnson, and W. H. Smith, committee on the part of the old 
Board. 

The following contract was read and adopted, and the President and Sec- 
retary instructed to execute the same and present it to the governor for his 
approval : 

This Agbeement, Made the 14th day of March, 1893, by and between the " Board 
of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Columbian Exposition Corporation," party of 
the first part, and the "Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas," as acting for 
and on behalf of the state of Kansas, party of the second part: Witnesseth, That in 
pursuance of an act of the legislature of the state of Kansas, known as house bill 



12 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, 

No. 83, approved March 4, 1893, the party of the first part does hereby set over and 
transfer to the party of the second part the following described property, to wit: 

The building in Jackson Park, Illinois, known as the Kansas World's Fair build- 
ing, complete according to contract, which is hereto attached, marked exhibit "A," 
and made a part of this agreement; three fire-insurance policies on said building of 
five thousand dollars ($5,000) each; all its franchises, leases; and all articles pre- 
pared or in preparation for exhibition at the World's Fair now in the city of Chi- 
cago, in the city of Topeka, or elsewhere in the state of Kansas; all books of record, 
blanks and stationery, and office and other furniture, together with all the property 
of every description, mentioned or not mentioned, now in possession of the party 
of the first part. 

In accordance with the provisions of the act hereinbefore referred to, the party 
of the second part hereby promises and agrees to accept the transfer herein men- 
tioned, and pay to the party of the first part the following sums, and for the follow- 
ing purposes, to wit: 

Amount due counties and corporations, as per detailed statement attached hereto, marked 

exhibit B, the sum of ,, $19,097 81 

The above amount to remain in the treasury of the state of Kansas, and to be drawn 
therefrom in accordance with the said act. 

Outstandinfc notes of said party of the first part, the sum of 10,500 00 

Interest on same 131 25 

Outstanding warrants of the party of the first part 851 58 

Account with Treasurer of the party of the first part overdrawn 322 79 

Amount due contractors when Kansas building is complete 100 00 

Total $31,003 43 

The above amounts to be paid upon completion of the contract. 

The party of the second part hereby agrees to assume all existing contracts re- 
quiring the removal of the Kansas building from the grounds at the close of the 
World's Fair, and the cleaning of the grounds occupied by said building. 

In Witness Wheeeof, The parties to these presents have hereunto set their hands 
and seals, the day and year first above written. 

The Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Fair Columbian Exposition 

Corporation, by • A. S. Johnson, Vice President. 

[seal.] W. H. Smith, Secretary. 

The Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas, by 

M. W. Cobun, President. 
Mes. a. M. Clabk, Secretary. 

Committee from old Board withdrew; and the following resolution by G. 
W. Glick was adopted : 

Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed by the chairman to consider the 
propriety of offering premiums on live stock to Kansas exhibitors, and the amount 
of such premiums, if any, and the nature of their distribution. 

President appointed on committee A. P. Collins and G. W. Glick. 
On March 14, the following resolutions were adopted: 

Resolved, That the sum of $1,000 be appropriated for the use of the state board 
having in charge the educational display of the state, upon condition that the said 
display be completed in the government building and in the Kansas state building 
according to the plans as agreed to by the old Board; said amounts to be paid from 
time to time on vouchers duly authorized by the ofl&cers of the state board and ap- 
proved by this Board. 

Resolved, That each member of this Board take such steps as are necessary to 




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procnre the exhibits from the different Columbian clubs in their respective congres- 
sional districts on board cars free, if possible. 

Resolved, That Commissioner H. H. Kern be directed to take entire charge of and 
make the display in the agricultural building and in the Kansas state building. 
That for this purpose the sum of $9,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is 
hereby appropriated with which to make the entire exhibit and all expenses of 
whatever nature of this date, and until the close of the fair; the removal of the 
same, all renewals of the same during the season, and all help and other expenses 
of whatever nature, and that Commissioner Kern is hereby directed not to exceed 
this amount under any circumstances. That the President and Secretary be author- 
ized to draw warrants on the Treasurer, from time to time, in such sums as may be 
required, on proper vouchers approved by H. H. Kern. 

At the next meeting of the Board the following circular letter was intro- 
duced by T. J. Anderson and approved by the Board : 

BoAKD or Woeld's Faib Managees of Kansas, 
ToPEKA, Kas., March 16, 1893. 
To the Columbian Clubs and Citizens of Kansas: 

The Board of World's Fair Managers respectfully submit the following: Settle- 
ment has been made with the old Board, the property transferred, and payment 
made as contemplated by the act of the legislature. The work will be taken up 
where the old Board left off and their plans fully carried out, and we ask the active 
and earnest cooperation of every Columbian club and every citizen of the state 
who is interested in putting Kansas to the front at Chicago. The time is very short, 
and all material and exhibits of every character should be shipped to the Board of 
World's Fair Managers, Topeka, at once. The legislature appropriated $65,000. 
Of this amount $19,097.81 remains in the state treasury to reimburse the counties 
and corporations for the funds advanced by them. The debts of the old Board 
amounted to $11,905.62. This leaves but $33,966.67 at the disposal of the Board 
with which to make the entire exhibit. 

In addition to the display required in the Kansas building, exhibits must 
be made in the agricultural, horticultural, mining and forestry buildings. In 
addition to the above, the educational and live-stock interests must be cared for, 
as well as the State Historical Society, and the very excellent exhibit made by Pro- 
fessor Dyche, of the State University; transportation to and from Chicago of all ex- 
hibits; the superintendence and care of the Kansas building and all Kansas exhibits 
in the main buildings; the expense of the Board, and a thousand and one items of 
expense impossible now to enumerate. It will be seen at a glance that the ut- 
most economy will have to be exercised, and to this end all Columbian clubs and 
others shipping materials for exhibition should if possible relieve this Board of any 
expense connected with the packing and shipping of exhibits to Topeka. We are 
greatly in need of wheat, rye, oats, barley, and flax, in the grain, and also in the 
straw, for decorative purposes. We want ear corn, corn on the stalk, sugar cane, 
and millet. 

In conclusion, if you will give your hearty cooperation and prompt assistance, 
we will make a display that will be a credit to our great state and a joy to every 
Kansan. Let us hear from you. 

This was signed by every member of the Board, and the Secretary was 
instructed to have the letter published in the daily papers of this city ; also, 
to have 500 copies of same printed and sent to Columbian clubs and indi- 
viduals throughout the state. 

At a meeting of the Board, March 21, a resolution was passed permitting 



14 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Wyandotte county to make a display in the Kansas building as a county : 
provided, that the Board should not be to any expense for same except for 
transportation to and from Chicago. 

On March 22, a meeting was held at which the following resolution was 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the following sums, or so much as may be necessary, are hereby 
appropriated for the purposes named, and in no instance shall the sum so appropri- 
ated be exceeded by the parties placed in charge of the particular exhibit or expen- 
diture, and no bills of any kind contracted in excess of the amounts named: Provided^ 
That itemized statements must be certified by them: 

To Professors Haworth and Williston, of the State University, for the display of 
Kansas minerals, building stones, salt, etc., as contemplated by the old Board, the 
sum of $1,500; this sum to include all expense of gathering the exhibit and putting 
in place in the Kansas building, making plans for the same, superintendence and 
labor, and all expense incident to the exhibit, with the exception of freight charges 
to and from Chicago. 

To Fred. Wellhouse, president of the State Horticultural Society, the sum of $2,000; 
the above amount to cover all expenses of making the display in the horticultural 
building and in the Kansas building, and the renewal of the same during the season, 
superintendence, labor, express charges, and every other item of expense connected 
with the horticultural display at the World's Fair. 

To Professor Dyche, for his natural-history exhibit in the Kansas building, the 
sum of $750; the above sum to include all expense of placing his display in posi- 
tion, scenery, painting, labor, and superintendence. 

To the State Historical Society, the sum of $500; this item to include all expense 
to the Board of whatever nature. 

To the State Dairy Association, to assist in making a display of the dairy prod- 
ucts of the state in the dairy building, the sum of $500, this sum to include every 
item of expense for which this Board will be liable. 

To the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, transportation of their exhibit 
to and from Chicago. 

For the woman's department, to be expended under the auspices of the Board, 
$500, or so much thereof as may be necessary. 

To F. H. Betton, for the bureau of charities and correction, the necessary print- 
ing and $100. 

In accordance with a resolution passed March 4, 1893, A. P. Collins, of 
Salina, traveled over the fifth district, and by his untiring efforts and energy 
secured a large number of the finest specimens of cereals and grains exhibited 
in Jackson Park, and which he has had the satisfaction of knowing have re- 
ceived many awards. 

A good many exhibits from the sixth district were secured through cor- 
respondence, many of which have received awards. 

H. H. Kern personally superintended the wall decorations in both the 
Kansas building and the agricultural pavilion, and also the placing of the 
agricultural exhibits, for the success of which the state is under lasting obli- 
gations to him. To A. P. Collins is due the entire credit of properly putting 
up, labeling and cataloguing the grains for competition, and superintending 
and explaining the exhibits to the thousands who daily thronged the Kansas 
pavilion, eager to know more of the state that had not only the finest pa- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 15 

vilion in the whole building, but the best collection of grains and vegetables 
inside of it. He was relieved at times by L. P. King and others. 

The Board received a car load of corn from the Franklin County Colum- 
bian Association, which was especially acceptable. Nearly half a car load 
of grains and grasses was secured from the old Board, and used in decorating 
the walls of the Kansas building. Corn was bought in the vicinity of Topeka 
to complete the decorations. 

Wyandotte county made an exhibit that occupied a large space on the 
wall of the building. 

Later in the season, stalks of corn were received from Atchison county, 
raised by G. W. Glick and S. C. King, and from Cowley county, raised by 
Thomas A. Coulter, also grasses. Corn was sent by Mr. Fifield, of Washing- 
ton county, which received special mention in the Chicago Herald. Sheaves 
of wheat were supplied by Saltne, Dickinson and Riley counties, all of which 
were properly marked, giving height, time of planting, etc. Their wonderful 
growth excited much comment on the part of visiting agriculturalists and 
others, and a number of samples received awards. 

Thieves were making such inroads into exhibits all over the grounds that, 
for the better protection of exhibits in the Kansas building, it was deemed 
advisable to ask for extra guard service in and around the building, but they 
could not be procured, as there were none that could be spared from other 
places. There seemed to be an organized band of thieves on the ground, who 
infested every house and building; losses in some cases running into the 
thousands of dollars. Detectives were put on their track, and many were ar- 
rested, but pilfering still continued to more or less extent. 

On June 12, the question of having exhibits in the state buildings exam- 
ined for awards came up and was referred to the President of the Board, with 
instructions that he lay the matter before the national executive commission 
(of which he was a member) at their next meeting and urge favorable action. 

The national executive commission appointed a committee of three, of 
which M. W. Cobun was one, to attend to it. No favorable action was re- 
ported to us and no examination of exhibits was made in our building, except 
in the case of Prof L. L. Dyche, who acted independently of the Board and 
secured an examination of his famous exhibit of American mammals and ob- 
tained the first medal for the same, and the Santa Fe Railroad Company se- 
cured an award on its miniature electric train. 

On July 18, the Board discussed the advisibility of proposing the names of 
three Kansas gentlemen, well known in grain circles as experts, and compe- 
tent to judge of agricultural exhibits. They therefore selected the following- 
named persons: John Brinkman, of Great Bend, J. C. Ford, of Kansas City, 
and Church White, of Atchison ; and instructed the President to present these 
names to Hon. John Boyd Thacher, and urgently request the appointment 
of those gentlemen as judges on agricultural products. 

The President took the names as instructed and laid them before the chief 
of the bureau of awards; the aid of our national commissioners was solicited. 



16 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

but later on it was found that Kansas had her quota of judges, four of them 
being on manufactures, one on forestry, and one on machinery, while the 
agricultural, horticultural, live stock and dairy interests were left to take 
care of themselves. 

The fruit crop being almost an entire failure, it was thought for a time 
that the horticultural exhibit would have to be abandoned, but Judge Well- 
house, who was in charge of that department, after visiting the principal 
fruit growers in the state, found he could make a creditable exhibit, and a 
display was in place in time for " Kansas Week," as was also an excellent 
display of vegetables from all parts of the state, gathered by the various 
members of the Board and Kansas editors, who each and all contributed 
something as their offering. At the same time, Shawnee county sent in a 
large collection of grains and grasses of the new crop of 1893. 

The Kansas building having been formall;^ dedicated October 22, 1892, 
it was deemed advisable to merely throw open the doors to visitors without 
formal ceremony. The committee on ceremonies had selected September 15 
and 16 for "Kansas Days," but, as there had been no formal opening or re- 
ception up to that date, it was thought best to prolong the festivities from the 
11th to the 16th, and to invite the governor and his staff, judges of the 
supreme court, senators and members of congress, the national guard, the 
press and the citizens of the state in general to participate in the ceremonies 
of the week. The Modoc Club was engaged, and prepared some original 
music that added very much to the success of the week. Marshall's Military 
Band, of Topeka, was secured to do honor to the week. The George Cook 
Drum Corps, of Denver, formerly Kansas boys, were at the command of the 
Board during the entire week. 

Invitations were extended to the press of Chicago, to all Columbian offi- 
cials, heads of departments, and to the national, state and foreign commission- 
ers. An immense platform had been erected at the rear of the building and 
seats provided for 2,000 people. The proceedings of the week were inaugur- 
ated with fine selections by Marshall's band, the address of welcome by Hon. 
M. W. Cobun, President of the Board of Managers, on behalf of the Board, 
and by Hon. J. R. Burton, on behalf of the national commission ; response 
by Governor Le welling, which was a masterly and brilliant effort, and highly 
appreciated by the immense crowd that thronged about the Kansas building. 
(It is printed in full in the appendix.) An original poem was read by Doctor 
Roby, of Topeka, which was a grand effort and greeted with overwhelming 
applause. A few interesting remarks were made by ex-Governor Robinson, 
the first governor of Kansas. The speeches were interspersed by the songs 
of the Modoc Club on the beautiful Sunfloiver State. 

Refreshments to invited guests were served every day of the week; and 
Thursday, press day, the multitudes were fed. Each day was furnished 
witli a programme that was successfully carried out. In addition to the reg- 
ular programme, Miss Mitchell sang "The Liberty Bell" (her own composi- 
tion) in a charming manner. The De Moss family, the "Lyric Bards of 




yi.— Interior of East Wing— Kansas Building. (Page 21.) 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 17 

America," who compose all their own words and music, gave Kansas, Bright 
Sunflower State, in a manner that elicited hearty applause. The Hon. Grin- 
linton, royal commissioner from Ceylon, sent over a band of his natives to 
give the celebrated court dances in the Kansas parlors, in honor of the oc- 
casion. Commissioners from every state and nation called during the week 
:o pay their respects to Kansas. 

During the week the building was gaily decorated with flags and banners 
bearing the statistics of the crops of 1892. Other events of the week were 
the procession on Thursday and the Friday night program at festival hall, at 
which the Modocs and speakers did honor to Kansas, and especially Mrs. 
Lease, who became her own rival in eloquence. From first to last it was a 
grand success, and the guests had a pleasing impression of Kansas and her 
hospitable people. 

On September 20, the sum of $200 was appropriated to assist the Kansas 
Columbian Poultry Association to make an exhibit at the World's Fair, to 
be paid only on condition that they make a creditable display. The poultry 
men who contemplated making the exhibit had made a creditable display at 
the state fair, and had arranged to bring their birds from Topeka to the 
World's Fair, but unforeseen difiiculties prevented them from making the 
exhibit. 

From October 24, voluntary bids for the removal of the Kansas building 
came in daily. Many were not flattering from a financial standpoint, but as 
the fair was drawing to a close it was necessary to make some arrangement 
for the disposal of the building. By far the largest bid received was the sale 
of the building at $200, the contracting parties agreeing to remove it and 
leave the grounds in good condition. Although the above may seem a very 
low figure, it was in fact a good bargain, as many of the commissioners of 
other states were glad to make a present of their buildings for the removal 
of the same. 

The Board authorized H. H. Kern to sell and dispose of all property, 
articles and exhibits that were not to be returned to this state, and to make 
a full and itemized report to the Board, and to take charge and full control 
of all Kansas exhibits, property and articles placed in the charge or custody 
of this Board, and to have the same properly packed and shipped to Topeka ; 
and for this purpose he was authorized to employ persons to aid and assist 
him in doing said work, and to close the Kansas building at the close of the 
fair. 

It had been the intention of the Board to have the grains and grasses 
used for exhibits sent to Topeka, to be placed in the museum in the agricul- 
tural rooms, but as Professor Riley, entomologist of the United States depart- 
ment of agriculture, had ofiicially announced that all grains, grasses and 
cereals on exhibition at the Columbian Exposition were affected or likely to 
be affected by weevil and other noxious insects, and that, if the exhibits 
were distributed over the country, the noxious insects would also be distrib- 
uted to the injury and damage of our agricultural interests, as a matter of 
—2 



18 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

prudence and safety, it was deemed advisable that no grains, grasses or straw 
should be shipped to Kansas. 

The matter of securing that part of the mineral exhibit belonging to 
private parties, for reproduction in the state capitol, was placed in the hands 
of H. H. Kern, with authority to arrange with the owners to convey their 
interests in the exhibits, both in ore and metal, to the state. In this, Mr. 
Kern was successful, as the parties were willing, even anxious, that their ex- 
hibits should be reproduced at the state capitol. 

Volumes on the horticultural industry of the state; pamphlets on the ag- 
riculture and on the mineral resources; also pamphlets by Professor Hay, 
on the geology and mineral resources; a neat volume, the "Columbian His- 
tory of Education in Kansas ; " a pamphlet by the State Agricultural Col- 
lege; a dainty souvenir by the State University, containing cuts of 
Professor Dyche's exhibit; and booklets descriptive of the northwestern part 
of the state were distributed.* To Kansas was accredited the honor of dis- 
tributing the most practical books descriptive of her resources of any state 
at the exposition. Taking into consideration the vast number given out, it 
will be readily seen that visitors were eager to learn more of Kansas. 

Five large registration books were filled with names of visitors, while 
thousands of visitors left the building without registering, tired of waiting 
for a chance; after the exhibit in the Kansas building had been fairly inaugu- 
rated, the attendance was 10,000 to 12,000 daily; and, during the last two 
months of the fair, the attendance reached 18,000 to 20,000 daily; and 
during Kansas week the building was crowded to suffocation. 

*The Missouri Pacific railroad furnished thousands of copies of a small book entitled "Kansas," 
descriptive of the state in general and of the country along the route of this railway in particular. 
They were gotten up in an attractive manner and were eagerly picked up by the visitors anxious to 
know more of our state. 

The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad kept on hand constantly a large supply of their pam- 
phlets, combining a time table with a description of the state. 

The other railroads making exhibits in the building distributed large quantities of their pamphlets 
(see description of Missouri, Kansas & Texas and Santa Fe railroads' exhibits). 



Kansas Building. 



The Kansas state building was located near Fifty-seventh street, the main 
entrance, on State avenue. The plan was cruciform. It was composite in 
style of architecture, spacious and commodious, the third in size on the 
grounds, a two-story building, all but the annex, with quadrangular roof 
rising to a central elliptical-shaped dome, over which towered the flagstaff. 
Height of cupola, 58 feet, diameter, 80x40 feet, flooding the entire exhibit 
with a most pleasingly-diflused light. Broad stairways, leading to the gal- 
leries overlooking the exhibits, gave access to the ladies' and school depart- 
ments. 

Over the arched doorway of the main entrance were representations of 
grain, and "Kansas State Building" in black and gold letters, while just 
below it, over the arch, were the words in lettering of corn, " Welcome to all 
States and Nations" South and to the left of the main entrance, in the sec- 
ond story, was the great seal of the state in stucco. A broad balcony, over- 
looking the entire exposition, extended from the ladies' parlor to the extreme 
southeast corner of the building. It was well lighted with high windows ; in 
the lower story in the Moresque style, in the upper story in Grecian. 

The main exhibition hall was 134 feet 10 inches by 48 feet, well adapted 
for the display of the large exhibit it contained. Crowning the southwest 
corner was a quadrangular-shaped observatory, terminating in an oval dome 
surmounted by a staff*, from which floated the American flag. A broad ve- 
randa semi-surrounded this lookout. 

The annex to the building was especially designed for the natural-history 
exhibit, in connection with which it will be fully described. The building 
varied from the uniform white to a shade of corn color, emblematic of the 
staple product of the state, and was covered with staff*, or stucco. 

The cost of this building was between $22,000 and $23,000. Seymour 
Davis was the architect, and Fellows & Vansant the contractors, all of To- 
peka. 

In front and to the left, as you enter the building, under the shade of a 
spreading elm tree, stood the Hutchinson fountain, a perfect representation of 
an ear of corn half stripped of its husk, carved from magnesia limestone, 
monumental of the enterprise of the noble ladies of Hutchinson, who had 
worked faithfully to have their town and county well represented at the great 
exposition. 

Flanking the side entrances, and facing the great thoroughfare which led 

(19) 



20 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

past the building, stood two gigantic pyramids of coal, from the state mines 
at Lansing. 

A mammoth piece of rock salt from Lyons, weighing 5,000 pounds, lay 
in front of the building. 

Decoration of First or Main Floor. 

Ranged on either side of the vestibule, as you entered the Kansas build- 
ing, were sheaves of wheat, corn, and other products of 1893. 

Stepping from the vestibule into the main hall, the simple, commodious 
arrangement of the building impressed itself upon the visitor; on every side 
utility was joined with beauty, resulting in a pleasing sense of the fitness of 
things to the purpose for which they were designed. Immediately to the 
right, after entering, was the waiting room, through which visitors on official 
business were ushered into the private offices of the Board of Managers. 

From the center of the ceiling in the hall, a beautiful canopy, constructed 
of grains and bronzed cane seeds, shaded a hanging basket with trailing vines 
and scarlet geranium blossoms, giving a homelike air to the building, which 
was fully justified by the crowds that thronged about the various points of 
interest. 

To the right of the arched doorway leading into the main or ground-floor 
exhibit was the stairway leading to the gentlemen's parlor, the reading room, 
and the educational exhibit. 

The stairway on the left led directly into the ladies' parlor, the historical 
room, and the woman's art rooms. On either side of the door in the hall 
were large pictures, one representing the Kansas stock yards, at Kansas City, 
Kas. ; and the other a representation of the Armour Packing Company's 
works, at the same place. 

Pausing for a moment under the arch, the visitor beheld a unique liberty 
bell, made, not of metal, but of soft grasses, golden grain, and bronzed cane 
seeds, lined with the downy tufts of milkweed in various coloi's. The clapper 
or tongue was a golden ear of corn, 15 inches in length — corn, the keynote, 
the dominant chord in the chromatic scale of color used in the decoration of 
the Kansas building. With what marvelous eflfect it was combined and inter- 
woven can be but faintly portrayed by words. The concave arch of the en- 
trance was lined with lattice work of stripped wheat, that was also introduced 
in various ways in other parts of the building. 

Around the great archway was a double row of upright ears of corn edged 
with bearded wheat. The spandrels on either side of the door were composed 
of husks, flanked by scroll work of wheat. 

Several tones of red, grading down from a rich dark-velvety red to a tint 
of rose color, formed the background for the decorations. These shades 
blended exquisitely with the kernels, husks and cobs of corn, as well as with 
the grains, seeds, stalks and grasses utilized in designs. As, in Egyptian art, 
the waves of the Nile in the form of curves and scrolls, and the bud, leaf 




\'III.— CrKAiN Decoration — Kansas Building. 

exhibit. (Page 22.) 



C. K. I. & P. Railway 



Report of the Board of Managers. 21 

and blossom of the lotus in highly-conventionalized forms, may be traced, so 
in the Kansas building the sunflower seemed to be the motive of design. The 
coloring in the background was similar, if not identical, to that made use of 
by the people who dwelt in the rich valley of the Nile. One of the many 
beautiful designs was an immense sunflower, from which rays formed of small 
sheaves of stripped wheat of diflferent lengths radiated, the bearded ears form- 
ing a tufted center about the flower. A little further on, a semicircle, con- 
structed in the same manner, formed a beautiful picture of the rising sun. 
Those two designs appeared at intervals around the building on the lower 
and upper floors. Rosettes of alfalfa, corn tassels and broom corn were util- 
ized in many pleasing designs. The frieze was composed of rosettes of circu- 
lar sections of corn, encircled by bearded wheat, united in a running design 
by delicate sprays of white flowers, the petals of which were cut from corn 
husks. The lower edge of the border was composed of links formed of oats, 
and the upper of loops or festoons. Small, upright sheaves made a substan- 
tial wainscoting. Stars, anchors, chains and compasses w^ere frequently in- 
troduced. 

The scroll w^ork was perhaps the most elaborate feature in the decoration. 
Spiral curves of wheat, seeds and corn furnished some of the finest specimens 
of Moorish art. 

Another masterpiece of what can be achieved with ears of corn as the only 
material employed was an oblong panel in mosaic of different colors of corn 
used in horizontal sections. No tiling could be more effective. Above it 
were rosettes of mill-stained wheat and festoons of bearded wheat caught up 
with circular sections of corn used as rosettes, while bunches of wheat were 
used as tassels. A shield, composed of grains and grasses, was introduced as 
a new feature, on the east wall. A ship, with sails composed of oats, and the 
hull of cane seeds, redtop, and other wild grasses, made a pretty marine scene. 
The massive frame of sections of corn in zigzag style represented a frame of 
light wood. 

A reminder of the olden times, before which many an old pioneer paused, 
was a prairie schooner, on the north wall, to the right of the natural-history 
exhibit. This historic piece bore the inscriptions, "Bound for Kansas," 
"Lighthouse of the World." The canvas top was made of grains, and the 
wheels of cane seeds and reddish native grasses. The horses were also formed 
of seeds and grain, as delicately shaded as if done by an artist's brush. A 
frame of ears of corn and scroll work of kernels of corn and grain furnished 
a setting for the piece. 

Over the rustic posts made to represent pine trees, that will be spoken of 
in connection with the natural-history exhibit, were the mounted heads of 
deer, moose, and buffalo. 

Nothing could surpass the exhibit of Wyandotte county. The lettering 
on a background of blue in white kernels of wheat, introduced between elab- 
orate sections of scroll work, was the finest piece of the kind to be seen at the 
fair ; for example : " Compliments of Wyandotte County," " The Gateway of 



22 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

the West," "Number of Cars of Grain Inspected in 1892, 75,411," "Kansas 
City, Kas., Second Largest Packing Industry in the World," made an ele- 
gant bulletin board in a maze of elaborate designing. 

In a circle, to the right of this scroll work and lettering, was the head of 
a hog in circular frame of corn; to the left, the head of a sheep; in the cen- 
ter, the head of a steer. The material used in these designs was generally 
American millet, the tufts of which are peculiarly adapted for making artistic 
designs; redtop and cane seed put in the finishing touches. 

"KANSAS" was in relief lettering; between each letter was a semicircle 
of bearded wheat; on either side of the word double links of oats were pend- 
ing. Fringes of grasses and serpentine curves were also introduced into this 
fine piece of work. 

A graceful swan gave an air of repose to the scene, and the "Santa Marie," 
with its hull formed of cane seeds, its anchor of redtop and its compass the 
sunflower, formed pleasing pictures. Throughout, the harmony of coloring 
was preserved, no incongruous shades being introduced, thus preserving the 
unit of design as well as the tone of the composition. 

On the left of the south wall a yacht, anchor, links and miniature sheaves 
of wheat, with scroll and serpentine waves, with sunflower and its rays of 
wheat, constituted the decorations on the west side. At regular intervals on 
every side, a large, concentric, five-pointed star, of grains and kernels of corn, 
was introduced. On the left side of the south entrance, "Brer Rabbit" sat 
upon his haunches under sheaves of grain. 

We find ourselves again at the arched doorway, and now ascend the stair- 
way to the right a few steps, bringing us into the open court on the second 
floor, in front of the 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Exhibit. 

The decorations were symbolic of the magnitude and facilities of the road : 
an immense globe, with the great railway delineated in kernels of corn, placed 
on an azure square representing the blue ether of space. Between the circles 
is the lettering, of circular sections of corn, the word "Great" in the north 
temperate zone, "Rock Island" in the tropic, and "Route" in the south tem- 
perate zone. A circle of ponpons of milkweed, and another of circular sec- 
tions of corn with tufts of wheat, form the circumference of the globe. In the 
upper right-hand corner on the blue field is the word " Chicago ; " on the up- 
per left-hand, "Omaha;" on the lower right, "Kansas City;" on the lower 
left, "Denver." On either side, black panels, with white corn lettering and 
scroll work. To the right is "Vestibule, Gas-lighted, Solid Trains." To the 
left, "Chair Cars, Pullman Sleepers, and Dining Cars." 

In the northeast corner, over the doorway coming out of the educational 
department, the decorations were especially pleasing. An undulating or wav- 
ing design, on either side of a zigzag border around the door, was finished by 
fans of wheat spreading out from the ears, which were held in place by cir- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 23 

cular sections of corn. Above this was a fine border of fans made of ears of 
corn and sections of corn; and still above this the transverse serpentine 
scroll work of ears of corn, with large rosettes of corn formed of whole ears 
of corn graduating towards the left, finished the decoration of the corner. 

On the right of the educational exhibit, looking upon Professor Dyche's 
mammals, an ox with branching horns, in a semicircle of wheat and slanting 
sheaves below, made an appropriate introduction. The heavy rosette border 
of corn, with double pending links of circular sections of corn, formed the 
frieze over the exhibit. In the center the word "Kansas," with fans of wheat 
between the lettering, was placed just below the frieze. Portieres of stripped 
oats were draped and looped up between the posts, while the posts themselves 
were trimmed with small sheaves of grain artistically bound with red bands. 

In the northwest corner was the fine display of Blue Rapids, the lettering 
being of small pieces of gypsum on a peacock-blue panel of plush, and the 
inscriptions: "Best Water Power in 400 Miles;" "Gypsum that Makes the 
Best Plaster Paris." Below this was a model showing the Blue River dam, 
mills, bridge, etc., which was made for the Woman's Columbian Club of that 
town, by Miss Putnam, of Salina. On a pedestal to the left of this model 
was a fine bust of Columbus, donated by the Blue Rapids Plaster Company, 
H. O. Fowler, secretary. The pedestal consisted of three horizontal blocks, 
the first of limestone, the second, magnesia, and the third, gypsum. Old 
gold drapery was used to set ofl^ the exhibit. A fine panel painted on pea- 
cock-blue plush, with golden rod and a spray of apple blossoms, on which 
were perched birds of paradise, completed the exhibit of this city. f 

The great Rock Island had a map, on an oblong block of dark blue, on 
the west side of the building, outlining their route in letters composed of circu- 
lar sections of corn, the same style as the lettering on the great globe directly 
opposite. On the lower right-hand corner was the name of John Sebastian, 
general passenger agent, and on the left E. St. John, general manager, while 
underneath it, on a strip of red, was the name of W. I. Allen, assistant general 
manager. 

On the southwest corner was a painting in distemper showing the Parkin- 
son sugar works. Fort Scott, and an oil painting of the United States cavalry 
and artillery post. Fort Riley ; also some fine instantaneous photographs show- 
ing men at work in the Baudera flagstone quarries, Redfield, Kas.; and 
photographs of scenery on the line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad. 

On the upper floor the frieze was more massive, representing solid relief 
designs, the eflect being that of the bas-relief figures seen on specimens of 
Egyptian and Assyrian friezes. The ears of corn were placed obliquely and 
finished with fans of wheat. 

On the south wall, triangles and links pending from them, resembling the 
square and compass of the Masonic order, were used with the fan-like border. 
Fans in every conceivable form were interspersed with trellis work, and the 
small bunches of wheat and oats used were bound with blue bands. Large 
designs of millet and bearded wheat were used also. 



24 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Around the open elliptical court a perfect train of miniature electric cars 
was running, that whistled as it stopped at different stations along the route 
of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad. Globes filled with grain rep- 
resented the products of the region. This novel exhibit attracted crowds of 
spectators, and added greatly to the attractions of the building. 

Beautiful panels with designs formed of grains were ranged around the 
court. The 14 pillars or columns supporting the dome were decorated with 
lattice work, formed of small bunches of wheat, small upright sheaves hiding 
the edges. Fringed draperies of wheat were looped up between the columns 
at the base of the dome. Just above the columns were some fine paintings, 
representing fields of waving grain, orchards and meadows, winding rivers 
and wooded ravines, with here and there a comfortable farmhouse, with its 
barns and picturesque surroundings. Above, the dome was composed of 
glass, for the purpose of lighting the building. The Kansas coat of arms, 
surrounded by wild roses and sunflowers, made a beautiful center. At the 
base of the dome, on oblong tablets at the eastern and western extremi- 
ties, were the statistics of wheat and corn: "Winter wheat, 70,035,380 bush- 
els; spring wheat, 4,502,926; total, 79,338,906 bushels. Corn, 138,658,021 
bushels. Crop of 1892." 

Exhibits on Lower Floor. 

Directly on entering the main exhibit, the visitor's attention was arrested 
by a Chinese pagoda, 20 feet in height and 12 feet in diameter, elaborately 
decorate on the arching canopy with scroll work in various designs, the 
black background throwing it out in bold relief. 

The four bases, upon which the 16 massive cylindrical glass columns filled 
with wheat and oats that supported the roof rested, were solid blocks of grain 
inclosed in native black walnut, with circular windows through which the 
cereals with which they were filled could be seen. Large glass jai*s filled 
with wheat and oats, that forcibly impressed upon visitors the wonderful fer- 
tility of the soil of our state, stood on the recesses of the bases. In the cen- 
ter rested a bunch of giant cornstalks, 16 feet in height, grown in 1893, by 
James A. Coulter, of Cowley county, that just touched the floral bell that 
hung from the center of the ceiling of the pagoda, lending a touch of beauty 
and color to the novel creation. 

Lattice work of stripped bearded wheat lined the interior of the canopy, 
and bleoded well with the red. The exterior edges were fringed with slender 
sheaves of wheat; between the columns, at the base, were glass globes also 
filled with grain, and, as a finishing touch, the whole was crowned with huge 
sheaves of wheat. 

To the right of the pagoda was a collossal pyramid of receding shelves, on 
which were ranged glass globes filled with grains and seeds, a duplicate of 
which was placed in the agricultural pavilion, in connection with which they 
will be mentioned in detail; also, glass globes filled with Kansas soil from 
the diflerent counties of the state. The apex was a shock of golden sheaves 




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IX.— Wall Decoration — Kansas Building. Map of C. R. I. & P. Railway 

system. (Page 23.) 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 25 

of wheat, resting upon ledges of upright ears of yellow corn ; the base was 
surrounded by upright sheaves of grains and grasses. The dimensions of the 
pyramid were 20 feet from apex to base, and 15 feet in diameter. To the 
left was a huge gray pyramid built up entirely of vertical sheaves of wheat, 
oats, millet, flax, alfalfa, milo-maize, and Kaffir corn. Not less than a dozen 
difierent products composed the great pile, a monument to the wealth and re- 
sources of the state of Kansas. The total height was 20 feet, with a diame- 
ter of 12 feet. 

In the northeast part of the first floor was a pyramid representing a flower 
garden, the walks made of small shells and seeds; the design was novel and 
pleasing. Heaped up in the northeast corner was a mammoth pile of rock 
salt from the great salt beds of Lyons, representing an area of 40 by 60 miles^ 
with an average depth of 350 feet. Near by on tables were glass jars of salt 
from Hutchinson, Lyons, and other points, 99to*o per cent. pure. 

In the northwest corner was another pyramid of sheaves standing upright, 
belonging to the Wyandotte county exhibit. In this pyramid 50 different 
varieties of native grains and grasses, cultivated and wild, were utilized 
Near was a great bell of .oats and another pyramid of receding shelves, simi- 
lar to the one already mentioned, belonging also to this exhibit. Tables in 
front of the exhibit displayed glass jars of canned fruits. The fountain was 
a happy illustration of how use and beauty may be combined. In the center, 
a tall stalk of blossoming sunflowers was visible from every part of the build- 
ing. At every drinking basin (of which there were eight) that circled around 
it, little prairie dogs sat on their haunches ready to act as a reception com- 
mittee, assisted by long-eared jack rabbits, inviting visitors to "Come and 
drink with the boys and girls of Kansas." At each basin were two silver 
cups, presented by different cities of Kansas. The idea was originated by 
Mrs. Kate Smeed Cross and the ladies of Emporia ; they were assisted finan- 
cially by the school children of the state. 

The horticultural exhibit spread out over eighteen tables 6 by 2 J feet. On 
each were ranged 32 plates of the finest specimens of apples grown in any 
state in the union. They proved too tempting, for many a visitor lingered sus- 
piciously long about the tables, which extended from the drinking fountain to 
the silk exhibit, near the arched entrance. As this exhibit was duplicated 
in the horticultural building, it will be mentioned more fully in connection 
with that exhibit. 

The silk exhibit, from the silk station, at Peabody, will also receive full 
descriptive mention elsewhere. 

H. H. Kern, of the Board of World's Fair Managers, from Bonner 
Springs, whose reputation as a designer and grain decorator was established 
long before the World's Fair was thought of, has fully justified Governor 
Lewelling in appointing him to this position, and of the Board of Managers 
in placing him in charge of mural decorations and the agricultural exhibit, 
thus saving many hundreds of dollars to the state, as well as putting Kansas 
foremost in the agricultural exhibit, and also in point of decoration. 



26 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Silk Exhibit. 

This magnificent exhibit was installed in two large cases 2 by 6 feet each, 
and one upright case. The case on the right held large, rich, yellow cocoons 
and skeins of twisted silk, which filled the case entirely ; the one on the left 
was filled with skeins of silk, silk just from the reel, put up in an attractive 
manner, cocoons, worms, etc.; while the upright case between the two con- 
tained delicate ropes of silk, strings of cocoons artistically festooned, yellow 
and white silk just from the reel, silken flowers, and spools of Kansas silk 
thread manufactured by Belding Bros. 

Experts pronounced it to be by far the best and most complete silk exhibit 
displayed at the exposition. Silk men of New York city inquired whether 
there was any in the market, remarking that the quality was equal to if not 
superior to any of their importations. 

The Chinese and Japanese royal commissioners examined the exhibit and 
desired samples of same, which were presented them, the favor being highly 
appreciated. 

The attention of the world has been directed to the Kansas silk industry, 
which will now increase a hundred fold ; an industry which offers many in- 
ducements,' and to women in particular, who may take up this occupation in 
addition to their household duties, thereby increasing their exchequer materi- 
ally. There is no reason why silk and its manufacture should not in the near 
future be one of the leading industries of the state. 

State Normal School Exhibit. 

Although the State Normal School had no special fund from which to de- 
fray the expenses of an exhibit, $500 was used from the incidental fund for 
that purpose. From the first, it was agreed that no show work of any kind 
should be attempted, but that the regular work of the classes should be sub- 
mitted, with such little additional touches as would make it presentable to 
the public. Though in some lines the temptation to devote much time to the 
preparation of material was great, the exhibit, as a whole, but fairly repre- 
sented the regular class work of the institution. 

The department of English submitted several bound volumes of manu- 
script work in grammar, rhetoric, rhetorical criticism, and English literature. 

The department of drawing submitted a variety of lines of original designs 
in water color, pencil drawing, charcoal, and painting, together with a full 
line of clay models and casts in plaster Paris. 

The department of physics, chemistry and physiology submitted a collec- 
tion of apparatus made by students, illustrating the simple as well as the 
more complex devices used in the department. It also submitted dissections 
of the lungs, brain, eyes, ears, blood vessels, etc. 

The department of natural history submitted several mounted skeletons^ 
stuffed birds, drawings in structural botany, etc., etc. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 27 

The department of penmanship and bookkeeping, full sets of plate books, 
specimens of work, completed sets in bookkeeping, commercial forms, etc. 

The department of mathematics, geometrical forms for class use, blue 
prints of the Normal grounds, elevations of campus, etc. 

The classes in geography submitted a variety of relief and outline maps ; 
the classes in history, manuscript work, and a variety of homemade articles 
illustrating certain periods of United States history. 

The model school was represented almost entirely by the work from the 
kindergarten and primary classes. A very comprehensive line of geometric 
forms, fancy boxes, paper novelties, mounted grasses, etc., filled one entire 
section of the case. 

Outlines and plans of work from the training department were submitted 
in bound volumes. A full line of photographs and bromids, giving views of 
the interior and of classes, together with several minor devices, added to the 
general make-up and interest of the exhibit. There were several books on 
the tables, the authors of which are members of the faculty or graduates of 
the institution. The fine, large cases in which most of the exhibit was placed 
added much to the excellence of the display. 

The school filled one case on the first floor of the Kansas building, and oc- 
cupied a space 10 by 20 feet in the section of the liberal arts building assigned 
for the Kansas educational exhibit. 

State Agricultural College Exhibits. 

In the Kansas building, to the right of the main entrance, two cases, each 
10 feet square on the floor, contained a general exhibit of the work in all de- 
partments where students' work is available, or where the results of experi- 
ments have general interest. Specimens of iron- and woodwork, of cooking 
and sewing, of printing and drawing, were arranged in various ways, and col- 
lections of insects and plants showed some of the methods of study. Many 
frames showed varieties of grains tested in the experiment station, displayed 
very satisfactorily between glass plates and in tubes. Bottles of beans, peas 
and corn served a similar purpose, and a case of Japanese soy beans gives 
"stalks and all" for this new forage crop. One chart showed distinctly the at- 
tendance at college from all the counties of Kansas, and another gave the 
location of the 80 or 100 farmers' institutes held by the college during the 
past 10 years. Numerous photographs, more than 200, showed every phase of 
the college work and life, as well as the beautiful grounds and commodious 
buildings. A clear presentation of the course of study, as represented in 
each department, gave to the expert an idea of its characteristic development. 

In the general educational exhibit for Kansas, occupying space in the 
gallery of the liberal arts building, this college had a display of educational 
character solely, more exactly descriptive of system and method than that in 
the Kansas building. An exact presentation of the relative importance of 
each department of instruction in the general scheme was given by wall charts 
with photographs attached. Samples of the work in the industrial training 



28 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

of all sorts, and of the problems solved there, as well as collections in natural 
history, gave tests of accomplishment, while volumes of drawings showed the 
exact results of training at each stage of progress. Four albums filled with 
photographs gave to one who studied them a full presentation of the place, its 
buildings, apparatus, faculty, and students, as well as its surroundings in city 
and country. Complete sets of the catalogues, the biennial reports, and the 
Industrialist, neatly bound, were there for consultation. The Columbian his- 
tory of the college, prepared by Professor Walters, and the annual catalogue 
for 1892-93, were ready for distribution to all specially interested visitors. 

In the agricultural building, this college had no small share in the general 
exhibit of Kansas, though no effort had been made to distinguish the speci- 
mens of grain and forage plants furnished by the college. A large variety 
of onions from the experiments of this year attracted attention during the 
months of September and October. There was in the same building an ad- 
mirable exhibit of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations of the 
United States, prepared under the auspices of the American association. In 
that exhibit our Kansas college had a prominent part. The horticultural 
department of the station was under the direction of Professor Popenoe, and 
showed especially the station work in varieties of grapes and of pears, and the 
grape exhibit was as good in its line as anything shown. The woman's work 
in these colleges was collected and arranged under Mrs. Kedzie's direction, 
and gave a natural prominence to the departments of cooking and sewing as 
leaders in these lines of training. Other departments, chemical, agricultural, 
veterinary and botanical especially, contributed to this interesting exhibit, 
and general views of buildings, faculty and students were displayed. The 
horticultural building received a beautiful show of varieties of grapes grown 
this season at the experiment station. 

Magic-lantern views of this college's work have been chosen for illustrat- 
ing lectures upon agricultural education by the United States department of 
agriculture, and sets of its publications were filed for publication in the ex- 
hibit. The United States commissioner of education gave in his exhibit in 
the government building a fair place to this college for its publications and 
photographic views. The same building contained work of graduates of this 
college in the division of entomology and vegetable pathology, both of which 
attracted attention by their excellent arrangement. 

It is proper to note that this college presented at the Columbian Exposi- 
tion its work, and not its collections or apparatus. Nothing was taken from 
the working facilities of the college for the display. Every class room, labora- 
tory, cabinet, museum and shop was in perfect order at the college, and was but 
slightly enriched when the matter shown at Chicago was returned. Many in- 
stitutions presented an extensive array of their apparatus and collections, de- 
priving themselves of their use for a year, but from the Kansas Agricultural 
College a single case borrowed from the mineralogical museum represented 
the only article of this kind. 

The cost of these exhibits, including all expenses for transportation, in- 




XL — Interior of South Wing, first floor — Kansas Building. (Page 22.) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 29 

stallation, etc., was not far from $3,000. The value of the exhibits after re- 
turn was less than one-third this amount. The actual cost of the college 
work in the exposition is fairly represented by $2,000 in cash ; but the time 
and energy given by the college authorities cannot be measured. 

Deaf and Dumb Institute Exhibit. 

One of the most interesting exhibits was that of the deaf and dumb in- 
stitute. 

Three departments of the work were represented: The industrial, the 
artistic and the regular class-room work. A handsome sideboard will be re- 
ferred to in the woman's department, and in the southwest corner of the main 
floor a unique show case, the work of the pupils, contained a set of handsome 
buggy harness, two pairs of shoes, lady's linen waist, two pairs of hose, several 
pieces of fine fancy work, and samples of job printing. 

The work compared very favorably with that of any other exhibit in the 
building. A large oak stand, with inclined surface, on which were displayed 
photographs of boys baking rolls, loaves, pies, and cakes ; paintings from ob. 
jects, oranges on a plate, yellow roses, also a fine piece of crayon, and a small 
landscape in oil; pamphlets of examination papers, and a neatly bound vol- 
ume of the Kansas Star, edited by the pupils. At the top was an album, 
swinging on a pivot, which contained pictures of the school buildings and of 
different interior views, showing pupils at work. Among other things was a 
statistical chart, giving, in addition to a description of the school, value of 
the buildings, $200,000 ; average per capita running expenses past 10 years, 
per annum, $186.89; enrollment of students since established, 716; enroll- 
ment of students in attendance, 1892 and 1893, 262. 

The board of trustees are: Mrs. Mary E. Lease, president; W. T. Yoe, 
secretary; W. S. AVaite, treasurer; H. B. Kelly; M. A. Householder. 

The exhibits were duplicated in the liberal arts building. The art work 
proper compared most favorably with that exhibited in the woman's room. 
A very pretty water color, of roses, by Clara L. Eddy, was much admired; 
as was also a child's head, particularly well done, by the same artist. Among 
this creditable collection were several pieces from still life, very well done, 
landscapes and life studies. Great credit is due to Professor Walker, the 
past president of the institution, for this practical and artistic display. 

State University Exhibit of NoVth American Mammals. 

Some of the objects of making the exhibit might be very briefly stated, as 
follows: (1) To awaken a more general interest and teach valuable lessons 
on the natural history of North American mammals. (2) To show how taxi- 
dermic and museum work is done at the University. (3) To show something 
(in one line only) of the many valuable natural-history collections owned by 
the University. (4) To show a collection from Kansas which many people 
from different parts of the country have seen fit to call one of the very best 



30 Kansas at the World's Fair, 189S. 

in the world. (5) To add a feature of special scientific interest to our Kan- 
sas state building. 

That some of these objects have been accomplished, at least in part, is 
evidenced from the fact that over 20 columns of matter, with illustrations, 
were published in standard scientific magazines on the exhibit after it reached 
Jackson park. 

In addition to the above, not less than 50 columns have appeared during 
the same period of time in the newspapers of the country. Pages of most 
favorable comment might be quoted, but we will make two or three short 
quotations suffice to show how people away from home received the exhibit. 

Unloaded in front of the Kansas building on the Columbian Exposition grounds 
is one of the most remarkable exhibits that will be seen at the great fair. This is 
the natural history display made by the Kansas University. It will be no unusual 
occurrence during the next six months to have some writer for the newspapers say 
that the greatest exhibit to be seen has just been shipped from some point, but the 
above expression, that the Kansas University exhibit is "one of the most remark- 
able," is used advisedly. — From a three-column article in the Inter -Ocean, December, 
1892. 

In the north wing of the Kansas building is one of the most remarkable exhibits 
to be seen at the great fair. I refer to the natural history display made by the Kan- 
sas University. — From, whole-page illustrated article in the Scientific American, July 
15, 1893. 

The exhibit of mounted animals in the Kansas state building is considered by 
thousands of people to be the most interesting show on the grounds. It has from 
the very first day of the fair attracted large crowds of enthusiastic admirers. — World's 
Columbian Exposition Illustrated, two-page illustrated article, September, 1893. 

The exhibit was installed in an annex especially designed and arranged 
for it, which formed the north wing of the Kansas building. The general 
shape of the annex was that of a semicircle, with a depth from north to 
south of 60 feet, and a width, or frontage, from east to west of 88 feet, which 
joined the annex to the main building. The outside walls of the annex were 
20 feet high, and a roof with rather a steep pitch added several feet more to 
the height of the interior. Light was admitted from skylights in the roof, 
and was so managed by curtains that the effect was very similar to that in a 
well-lighted art gallery. 

The exhibit comprised 121 specimens of large North American mammals, 
ranging in size from prairie dogs, jack rabbits, and foxes, to elks, moose, and 
buffaloes. The animals of the exhibit were arranged in groups, and usually 
in families, represented by old anc^ young specimens, showing as many char- 
acteristics of the species as possible. The groups of animals were arranged 
upon an artificial groundwork. The outside or surface of this so-called 
groundwork was modeled out of papier-mache, a composition made in this 
case out of Kansas wheat-straw pulp and plaster of Paris, plus a little glue. 
Many people thought that the artificial groundwork was "staff," a composi- 
tion so commonly used in the construction of things at the fair, which is 
nothing more than a mixture of some fiber, as hemp, and plaster of Paris. 
Such was not the case. The papier-mache composition mentioned above was 



Report of the Board of Managers. 31 

used, and out of it Professor Dyche and his assistants, E. D. Eames, W. W. 
Wyland, and J. C. Saunders, modeled the landscape on which the various ani- 
mals stood. 

Out of their love for the business and their desire to see the exhibit pro- 
nounced a success at the World's Fair, these gentlemen worked with an en- 
ergy and enthusiasm which deserve special mention. 

For the construction of the groundwork above mentioned, a skeleton or 
core was made from rough lumber. On this rough framework rocky crags 
were modeled, over 20 feet high in some places, for such animals as mountain 
goats and sheep; swampy ground with water holes and moss-covered ground 
for moose, and grassy plains for wolves, antelopes, and buffaloes. The large 
trees, old logs and stumps were all modeled of the same material. It seemed 
almost impossible, however, to convince visitors that these were artificial and 
not real things. On many occasions parties of ladies and'gentlemen were ad- 
mitted to examine the structures for themselves. 

The groundwork as finished represented a great variety of contour ; it was 
made up of a great many little landscape scenes, such as woodlands, swamps, 
grassy plains and plateaus, rocky hillsides and mountain crags, each with its 
characteristic plants, and all blended into one complete whole. The entire 
picture was made to represent a scene in the early fall; the leaves of the 
trees had taken on rich hues, and many had fallen to the ground; much of 
the grass had ripened, but there were some green spears, and now and then a 
green bunch in the brown matting. The water plants and the mosses had 
just begun to show touches of reddish brown and yellow. This is the time of 
the year when animals are most handsome ; they are in good flesh and good 
spirits, and their hair is sleek and glossy. 

The general effect of this landscape scene was heightened and rendered 
more beautiful and realistic by a scenic painting which extended the wood- 
lands and prairies as far as the eye cared to look. The effect of the whole 
was much the same as that of a panorama. The deception was so good that 
many people asked every day whether or not this, that or the other animal 
was real or just painted. 

ARRANGEMENT OF THE EXHIBIT. 

For convenience of description the exhibit may be divided into two parts. 
The first part consisted of a series of groups which extended entirely around 
the outer edge of the semicircle a space from 10 to 15 feet in width. This 
was separated from the central space on which the remaining groups were 
placed by an irregular walk or ground path from three to five feet in width. 
This path was not open to the general public, but many persons who were 
specially interested were invited inside of the rustic pole fence and given op- 
portunity to examine the exhibit critically. 

The conduct of the general mass of the people was surprisingly good, but 
the exceptional individual would occasionally come along. Experience soon 



32 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

taught that, on account of this exceptional person, it would not do to admit 
more people than could be conducted by guides in parties. 

Common Deer (Cervus virginianus). — The first group or family (begin- 
ning at the left on the outside series) was represented by five Virginia com- 
mon white-tail or long-tail deer. There were three bucks in the group — an old 
one, taken in the early fall, when his neck was slender and his coat smooth 
and glossy ; another old fellow represented a buck as bucks look in Novem- 
ber, when their necks are much enlarged, thick and heavy for fighting, and 
the hair long, thick, and shaggy looking ; the third buck was a young one 
two years old, with his first antlers, each bearing two points. An old doe in 
her brownish-red summer dress and her small, six-weeks-old spotted fawn 
completed this group. The animals, as arranged, stood in a rather low piece 
of ground next to the moose swamp; old logs and dead snags, with such 
grasses and leaf-bearing bushes as these animals like to feed upon, were ar- 
ranged in the groundwork. 

American Moose Deer (Cervus alces). — The moose was second in the 
series, following around the outer tier of groups from left to right. The family 
consisted of seven animals, headed by a giant bull ; this animal stands almost 
seven feet in height. He was not only by far the largest moose on exhibi- 
tion at Jackson park, and, so far as known, the largest specimen of the kind 
in existence, but he was the largest native, wild, North American terrestrial 
mammal representing a living species at the fair. This moose specimen at- 
tracted much attention ; his great size and his unique form, his great head with 
its peculiar nose and widespread palmated horns, were continually commented 
upon. Another feature in this group which proved to be of great interest to 
visitors was an old cow moose riding down a small birch tree, in order that 
her twin calves could browse upon the leaves and tender branches. Back of 
the old cow moose was a two-year-old cow feeding on the tops of some red 
willow or killikinic brush; a two-year-old male walking to a bunch of brush, 
and a yearling female, reaching for a tempting bunch of leaves which hung 
just above her nose, completed the moose family. The animals were all feed- 
ing, except the big bull, whose elevated head with erect ear and keen eye 
showed plainly that he was on guard ; his proud attitude and noble bearing 
made you feel that he realized that the safety of the moose family depended 
upon his vigilance. 

The groundwork on which this moose family was arranged represented a 
small section of an old tamarack cranberry swamp. A water hole with lily 
pads, old moss-covered logs, dead tamarack poles, evergreen, poplar and birch 
trees, willow brush, with much moss and many vines, are some of the things 
that entered into its composition. Directly opposite the moose group on the 
other side of the path or game trail, was another moose scene; it might be 
called a side piece; it represented two big bulls in a desperate combat. How 
they were plunging into each other with their great horns, nostrils distended, 
eyes bulging and rolling, muscles contracted and rigid, and feet braced for 
even greater action ! An old Nova Scotia moose hunter remarked, while look- 




XII.— Grain Decorations, second floor— Kansas Building. (Page 24.) 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 33 

ing at them : " I hear their horns crack ; I see their sides heave ; see how they 
are tearing up the earth and smashing the rotton logs to pieces under them f 
AVhat a sight ! I have seen it before in the wilds of Nova Scotia." 

The moose originally inhabited North America, between the 45th and 70th 
degrees of north latitude. A good many still exist in certain localities. They 
are said to be quite common in certain districts along the Yukon, in Alaska. 
The moose feeds on the leaves and tender branches of trees almost altogether. 
As a dessert he sometimes takes lily bulbs or nips at the tops of coarse grasses. 
The moose, as well as all animals belonging to the deer family, shed their 
antlers every year. 

Woodland Caribou ( Cervus tarandus). — The next group in order con- 
sisted of four woodland caribou or American reindeer. Two old males, with 
very different types of horns, an old cow and a calf made up the group. 
They were all walking, though one buck had stopped for a moment to look 
at something, and were apparently just emerging from the woods from behind 
a rocky cliff. Many people seemed to be much surprised to think that there 
were reindeer native to the American continent, and that they came as far 
south as Maine, Minnesota, and Idaho. The groundwork for the group con- 
sisted mostly of moss-covered rocks, with a few scrubby bushes and dwarfed 
plants. 

Wild Mountain Goat (^Mazama montana). — This family group com- 
prised seven animals. They occupied a broken-up, rocky crag, which was some 
20 feet high in places. The goats were arranged as follows : An old male 
stood on the highest rocky point. He was on guard. Below and in front of 
him was an old female lying down on a projecting shelf of rock; her little 
kid stood near by on a piece of loose shell rock. To the left of the main 
crag a yearling male could be seen sliding down a steep incline. A two- 
year-old male was feeding on some short bunch grass in front and near the 
base of the rocky cliff. To the right of him was a yearling female climbing 
a very steep incline. On the right of this stone structure a two-year-old fe- 
male could be seen coming around a projecting stony point. 

Mule Deer {Cervus macrotus). — This group occupied a position between 
the goats and sheep and was in the very center of the outside series ; it was 
composed of nine specimens, illustrating many phases of mule-deer life : An 
old buck, with large, peculiar, palmated horns, and his swollen November 
neck, with hair all standing out fluffy ; another buck, polishing his typical, 
five-point horns on a small aspen tree; an old buck, with long, shaggy, 
winter hair; a two-year-old buck, pawing in the ground; a yearling, in 
brownish-red, summer hair, nipping the leaves from a willow bush; an old 
doe, in winter hair; another, clad in the rich steel-blue hair of early Septem- 
ber. These, together with a beautiful little spotted fawn, which stood in the 
foreground, completed one of the most interesting groups, which, considered 
in connection with the groundwork, in which could be seen old logs, small 
quaking aspen and evergreen trees, bunch grass, and other plants, made one 
of the most picturesque scenes in the entire exhibit. 
—3 



34 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Rocky Mountain Sheep, Bighorn {Ovls montana). — The group of 10 
sheep was arranged on a rocky promontory to the right of the mule deer. 
This group illustrated many phases of sheep life, and was represented by ani- 
mals of all sizes and ages, from a little lamb a few weeks old to a large patri- 
arch ram, who had evidently climbed mountain crags for 20-odd years. He 
carried a pair of horns that weighed, together with his dry skull, 28 pounds- 
This was one of the most striking groups in the exhibit. 

American Elk, Wapiti Deer ( Cervus canadensis). — To the right of 
the sheep, on some broken, irregular ground, stood a group of six American 
elk or wapiti deer. This family was headed by a magnificent bull, liked by 
thousands of visitors better than any other single specimen in the entire ex- 
hibit. He has been christened by writers in various ways, as "World's Fair 
King," "Monarch of the Rockies," etc. He was standing on a little grassy 
knoll, with his head and great horns high in the air, looking for any possible 
danger. The other members of the elk family, an old cow, a pair of year- 
lings, a calf a week, and one six weeks old, were taking life easy ; some feed- 
ing, others lying down or standing in restful positions. The group with the 
accessories of the groundwork, which included many things characteristic 
of an elk country, made this a picture of still life in wild nature seldom seen- 

American Antelope, or Prougbuck, (Antilocapra americana). — This 
unique and interesting American animal was represented in the exhibit by 
six specimens. They were arranged on a buffalo-grass knoll, between the 
elk and buffalo groups. An old buck with full-sized horns, a younger buck 
with new horn tips upon the bony horn cores, a young buck with horns just 
starting, and an old female with twin fawns, one lying down and the other 
standing — these six animals, all apparently startled and gazing at some distant 
object, constituted one of the most attractive groups. Their trim bodies, 
comparatively small legs and the alert look in their black eyes attracted the 
attention of thousands of people, who learned for the first time some of the 
external differences between the antelope and the deer. 

American Buffalo, or Bison (^Bos americanus). — Last in the outside 
series or groups, going from left to right, but not least by any means, was the 
group of six buffaloes. No group in the entire exhibit excited more general 
interest than this one. The animals were arranged in a piece of buffalo-grass 
prairie around an alkali "buffalo wallow." The leader of this herd is a 
splendid bull, with grand proportions of body and limb. He was the king 
bison at the fair, as he had no equal there in size or appearance. His large 
head, with its great mass of flowing hair, his keen and warlike eye, together 
with the general bearing of the proud and noble beast, placed him first in the 
admiration of many. A little buffalo calf, not more than a week old, was a 
great attraction. An old cow and a pair of three-year-olds constituted the 
other members of the bison family. There are a few buffaloes in the Yellow- 
stone park, protected by the government. A few stragglei'S are said to still 
survive on the foothills of the Rocky mountains, north of the United States. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 35 

The last survivors in the state of Kansas were seen in Stevens county, in the 
fall of 1888. 

Other Groups. — With the addition of two huge grizzly bears just ap- 
pearing from behind the rocky cliffs occupied by the sheep, ail the animals 
properly belonging to the outside groups have been mentioned. The mere 
sight of these shaggy beasts, their powerful limbs, their stout claws, and their 
ferocious looking heads, started all the bear hunters at the fair to telling what 
they had heard, seen and done in the bear business. 

In the central part of the exhibit were arranged groups of mountain lions,, 
wolves, coyotes, foxes, wolverines or tiger cats, lynxes, wdld cats, jack rabbits^ 
and prairie dogs. 

In the foreground of the central exhibit, and to the right, was a group of 
two old mountain lions quarreling over a deer, which one of them had just 
sprung upon and killed; as the animals stood with ears thrown back, hair 
bristling, eyes flashing, mouths glittering w4th large white teeth, and the very 
muscles of their bodies quivering with excitement, they were truly vicious 
and terrible-looking beasts. The many old scars on the head and forelegs of 
the one to the left went to show that he was an old warrior, but he did not 
succeed in bluffing the younger and handsomer lion, the rightful possessor of 
the prey. 

To the left of this group was an old female gray panther or lion, lying in 
front of a half-rotten papier-mache sycamore stump, under which she had her 
den. She had three small spotted kittens, as fat and plump as kittens usually 
are, playing various pranks about her head and feet. 

In the background of this exhibit, and in front of the rocky crag on 
which the sheep were standing, was another group of lions or pumas — an old 
female, and two kittens about the size of tomcats. This group has been 
called "The First Hunt." The old cat has just emerged from a rocky cave; 
the kittens following are just coming out. They will be allowed to accom- 
pany the old cat on a hunt for the first time. 

In the foreground, and to the left of the gray puma and small kittens, was 
a group of seven foxes. In this group there was one extremely rare fox, a 
magnificent silver gray, whose skin for fur alone would be worth over a hun- 
dred dollars. There were cross foxes, common prairie gray and red foxes^ 
They were mounted in various positions, and attracted their share of atten- 
tion. An old gentleman was overheard to say one morning, while discussing 
the subject of foxes with his friends, that "these (pointing to the mounted 
specimens) are the foxiest looking foxes that ever I saw in captivity." 

Just back of the quarreling lions was a group of large gray wolves, ar- 
ranged about an old buffalo carcass ; one of them was chewing on a bone ; 
another seemed mad and was snarling about it; the third had eaten his fill, 
and was looking over the hills for something to get scared at. In the center 
of the central exhibit was a group of nine coyote wolves, represented by three 
old ones and six young of different ages and sizes. In the center of this lat- 
ter group was a single lean and starved-looking coyote, sitting on his haunches 



36 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

near some old dry buffalo bones, howling; the poor, hungry wolf's mind was 
evidently disturbed with thoughts of the past, when a buffalo carcass affording 
a good breakfast could be found almost anywhere. 

To the left of this wolf group, and just back of the foxes, was a group of 
two wolverines; they stood near their den in the rocks, and were evidently 
meditating upon some kind of meanness. Just back of these " Indian devils " 
were a pair of fishers — one on an old log, and the other on the ground, near 
a hole which opened into the bottom of the log. To the right of these ani- 
mals could be seen the Canada lynxes, one walking on an old chunk and an- 
other sitting on the end of a snag. Near by, and in front of the lynxes, was 
a wild cat crouched upon a piece of fallen tree. 

The ocelots, or spotted tiger cats, were standing upon some rocks a little 
to the right of the cats. To the right of the ocelots and back of the wolves, 
on a little knoll, was a group of cunning little prairie dogs, which, in zoolog- 
ical classification, are placed among the squirrels. Visitors were much inter- 
ested in them, and seemed disappointed not to hear them bark. 

The old war horse "Comanche" was also a part of the University exhibit. 
Comanche was the only surviving horse of the Custer massacre. He was 
ridden by Colonel Keogh on that fated day. Comanche was wounded seven 
times; three severe and four flesh wounds. The severe wounds were, one 
through the neck, one just behind the front shoulder, passing clear through, 
and one in the hind quarters, passing out between the hind legs. Comanche 
died at Fort Riley, in Kansas, November 7, 1891, at the ripe old age of 31 
years. In answer to a telegram. Professor Dyche reached the fort a little 
after midnight, Sunday morning. It took the rest of the night and most 
of the day to properly measure the animal and care for his skin. He was 
mounted in the taxidermic laboratory at the University, with the under- 
standing that he might be shown with the exhibit at the World's Fair. 
Thousands of people came to the Kansas building for the special purpose of 
seeing what is still in existence of this memorable and historic hoi'se. Adju- 
tant J. T. Bell, of the Seventh cavalry, at Fort Riley, kindly sent a saddle, 
bridle and complete outfit for use on the horse at the fair. 

The following is published as a matter of interest in connection with the 

exhibit: 

Geneeal Obdebs, No. 7. 

I. The horse known as "Comanche" being the only living representative of the 
bloody tragedy of the Little Big Horn, June 25, 1876, his kind treatment and com- 
fort should be a matter of special pride and solicitude on the part of every member 
of the Seventh cavalry, to the end that his life be prolonged to the utmost limit. 
Wounded and scarred as he is, his very existence speaks in terms more eloquent 
than words of the desperate struggle against overwhelming numbers; of the hope- 
less conflict, and of the heroic manner in which all went down on that fatal day. 

II. The commanding officers of company I will see that a special and comfort- 
able stall is fitted up for him, and he will not be ridden by any person whatever, 
under any circumstances, nor will he be put to any kind of work. 

III. Hereafter, upon all occasions of ceremony (of mounted regimental forma- 






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Report of the Board of Managers. 37 

tion) Comanche, saddled, bridled, draped in mourning, and led by a mounted 
trooper of company I, will be paraded with the regiment. 

By command of Colonel Sturgis. E. A. GABiiiNGTON, 

1st Lieutenant and Adjutant, 7th Cavalry. 

Miscellaneous Exhibits. 

A fine exhibit of crude petroleum, 'in a large barrel and glass jars, by 
Adolph Bauman, of Neodesha, Wilson county, where the oil was discovered 
August 7, 1893, and flows from a depth of 1,000 feet. The Commissioners 
were constantly interrogated concerning this exhibit. 

An exhibit of building stone, from Rettiger Bros', quarry, Strong City, was 
put up in the form of a wall. 

Saline river ochre, red and golden, the product of Trego county, exhibited 
by Kansas City Paint Company. The stand on which it was displayed was 
gaily decorated with the paint ; several photographs of the ochre mills stood 
on the shelf, together with bottles of the paint, as taken from the mines and 
in its purified state. 

An elegant buggy harness, exhibited by J. A. Fletcher, of Atchison, was 
a good advertisement for him, for many visitors examined the work and pro- 
nounced it superior in point of workmanship and material. 

The Fulton Milling Company, of Fulton, made an exhibit of four brands 
of flour, put up in pink satin sacks. The "Imperial" brand was decorated 
with a crown; "White Rose" brand, with a white rose; "Snowball," with 
daisies; "Angel Food," with heads of wheat. 

A small but striking exhibit of flax was made by H. B. Ware, of Fort 
Scott, who has invented a process by which the raw material is prepared for 
manufacturing without the delay of the old process of "going through the 
rot." 

Salina Paper Manufacturing Company exhibited large rolls of brown pa- 
per, with the "Anti-Trust" brand, and sheets of straw paper, by A. M. ClaflE*- 
lin, of Salina. 

Tables with buckets of grain and seeds were displayed to a good advantage. 

A. Cone, of Gardner, exhibited models of his noted patents on washing 
machines and churns. 

The Electric Appliance Company, of Burlington, exhibited samples of 
their work. 

Geo. A. Talbot, of Falun, sent a lot of pens made of slough grass, which 
were used for registering. They were found to be excellent substitutes for 
goose quills, and were anxiously picked up as souvenirs. 

Rooms on First Floor. 

Entering the reception room on the first floor, the attention of the visitor 
was arrested by a life-size painting of " Osawatomie " Brown, whose "soul goes 
marching on." Ranged in regular order around the room were the portraits 
of nine judges who have held the district court in Nemaha county, one of 



38 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

whom, A. H. Horton, is now chief justice. The portrait of Hon. John J. 
Ingalls, 18 years in the United States senate, occupied a prominent place. 

Over a window on the south side hung the portrait of Eugene F. Ware, 
■("Ironquill,") the poet of the sunflower state. The picture was done by 
Mrs. W. J. Balding, of Paola, whose work is too well known to need further 
mention here. 

Over another window on the same side hung a portrait of Thomas B. Pea- 
cock, the author of many volumes of poems, and who was especially known 
at the exposition as the author of the famous Columbian ode. This picture 
was painted by the noted artist George M. Stone, and is one of his best efforts. 

Hanging between these portraits was "Old Shawnee Mission," where the 
first legislature met, belonging to the Woman's Columbian Club of Olathe. 

"Logan Just Before the Battle," was a large painting by Mrs E. F. Ly- 
man, of Baxter S23rings. 

A fine life-sized photograph of Mother Bickerdyke, the "Florence Night- 
ingale" of the civil war, and revered by all "the boys in blue," hung over the 
Russell county mantel, and is now the property of the state. 

The mantel was the display of Russell county, for the purpose of exhibiting 
her building stone. Magnesia limestone entered largely into its construction. 
The front of it was handsomely carved with the seal of the state, and on either 
€nd were carved the names of the officers of the Woman's Columbian Club of 
that county. The tiling of red sandstone was finished in the rough. The 
andirons represented two huge sunflowers. The whole design was the grand 
conception and generous tribute of those enterprising women. 

A handsome table of oak, with the word "Atchison " standing out in bold 
relief, stood in the center of the room, a loan of the Woman's Columbian 
Club. In one corner stood a fine organ, loaned by the Estey Organ Company. 
This room was supplied with settees and easy chairs for the waiting crowds. 
Plain curtains of green China silk hung at the windows, while above were 
festoons of green and drab silk, blending well with the tints in the carpet. 

The floor was covered with a heavy body Brussels carpet, the gift of J. V. 
Farwell, of Chicago, the most prominent wholesale dry-goods dealer in this 
country. 

A door opened from this room into the office of the Board of Managers, 
furnished with office appurtenances, and a typewriter loaned by the Smith 
Premier Company. Off" this room was the Secretary's office ; a handsome rug 
covered the floor of this room, presented by Jas. H. Walker, of Chicago. 

On the opposite side of the hall was the check room and post office ; there 
was also a typewriter in this room, furnished by the Remington company. 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company. 

This exhibit was in charge of Jno. E. Frost, of the land department of the 
road, and consisted of a series of panels, occupying the profile space in the 
elliptical opening between the first and second floors under the dome of the 
Kansas building; the panels being tastefully decorated with Kansas grain, 



Report of the Board of Managers. 3^ 

and bearing ornamental lettering, calling attention to their line and Kansas 
lands, in conjunction with paintings of various scenes of interest along the 
line in Kansas, especially illustrating the farming features, leading state in- 
stitutions, and leading industries of the state, such as wheat and salt produc- 
tions, zinc and lead smelting. 

In connection with these panels and paintings, a miniature railroad track 
was constructed around the base of the ellipse, and on this, operated by elec- 
tricity, a miniature train, which was a counterpart of one of the regular ves- 
tibule trains of that road, and was drawn by an engine appropriately named 
"J. W. Reinhart," for Mr. Reinhart, president of the Atchison system. This 
train secured an award from the electrical department. 

In connection with this display, they kept constantly at the Kansas build- 
ing, during the fair, a representative of the land department in charge of the 
display, and a large supply of pamphlets descriptive of the advantages of the 
land and farming interests of the state, and inviting immigration, which 
pamphlets were distributed gratis to visitors to the Kansas building. The 
cost of the display, and the maintenance of the same during the fair, aggre- 
gated $2,610.97, which was borne exclusively by the railroad company. 

Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railw^ay Company. 

The exhibit of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, in the 
Kansas building, consisted of various samples of sugar made from sorghum 
cane at the Fort Scott sugar works; and, also, samples of syrup made from 
sorghum cane. 

There was also exhibited a lot of cement, made from the Fort Scott hy- 
draulic cement rock, by the Fort Scott Cement Company. Samples of the 
rock in different stages of preparation, from the crude rock to the finished 
material, were also shown. 

One side of the exhibit was devoted to a display of the samples of natural 
flagstone, from the great flagstone quarries near Fort Scott. As their quar- 
ries are not only a great geological curiosity but a great source of revenue to 
the state, the exhibit of their product was of great advantage to Kansas. 

Samples of Kansas cotton, raised in Labette and Montgomery counties, 
were also exhibited. This cotton was put up in attractive bales and excited 
much attention from visitors. 

The space allotted to this company was decorated with large paintings, 
showing the sugar works at Fort Scott and the great military post at Fort 
Riley. 

An immense amount of printed matter, descriptive of the state and of the 
resources of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, was distrib- 
uted from this office. 



40 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

The Kansas Educational Exhibit. 

The educational exhibit for Kansas was prepared by the board of direct- 
ors appointed by the State Teachers' Association and the department of city 
superintendents. At the time of its appointment no appropriation had been 
made by the state, and the schools were called upon to contribute the neces- 
sary funds. To inaugurate the work, the State Teachers' Association appro- 
priated $200. The schools responded most generously; the total amount 
received aggregating $5,815.43. The State Board of World's Fair Commis- 
sioners appropriated $1,000 out of the state appropriation for the same pur- 
pose, making the total amount at the disposal of the board in charge of the 
educational exhibit $6,815.43. The expenses aggregated $6,537.43, leaving 
a balance on hand of $278. After paying the expenses incidental to the re- 
turn of the exhibit from Topeka to the donors, and the publication of the 
report of the board, the balance on hand has been ordered set apart for the 
inauguration of a permanent educational exhibit at Topeka. Ninety-five coun- 
ties contributed to the expenses of the exhibit. The largest amount paid by 
any one county was by Shawnee, $424.40 ; the next largest amount, Douglas, 
$277.68. The largest amount contributed by any one city was $300, from the 
city of Topeka; the second largest amount was from Wichita, $239.18. The 
largest amount contributed from school districts of any one county was from 
the districts of Atchison county, $125. The largest amount contributed from 
any single institution was by the State Normal School, $100. The total amount 
contributed by the district schools of the state was $2,102.52. As some of 
the cities and counties as well as the state educational institutions expended 
even more in the preparation of their exhibits than they contributed to this 
board, the total exhibit represented an expenditure of at least $12,000. 

The exhibit at the great exposition was in all respects beyond the expec- 
tations of those who planned it and brought it to successful completion. No 
description, however accurately and carefully detailed, can give one an ade- 
quate conception of it. It must have been seen and closely examined, and 
even studied, to be fully appreciated. As a matter of fact, in point of mag- 
nitude, in character, in organization and in completeness it surpassed any- 
thing in the educational line the world has ever seen. As an expositor of 
pedagogical science and educational progress it has had no equal. Notwith- 
standing no century has been half so progressive in science and in industrial 
and commercial pursuits as the present; notwithstanding we are but on the 
threshold of the new education, as many believe, from which are to come the 
skilled hand and cultured brain and heart, this great display practically dem- 
onstrated that the schools have not been outstripped in the race of progress. 
Four acres of wall, case, and book exhibits in the liberal arts building, besides 
educational exhibits in many of the state buildings, furnished enough ma- 
terial for a lifetime of study and investigation. Every class of school was 
here represented ; the common school and the parochial school, the univer- 
sity, the college and the normal school, the manual training school, the trade 




^XVIL— Pagoda of Grain, first floor— Kansas Building. (Page 24.) 




XVIII.— Pyramid of Grain— Kansas Building. (Page 25.) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 41 



• 



school., the technical institute, and the business college, each contributed large 
quantities of material. 

In the presence of such a mass of details the observer was almost bewil- 
dered, realizing that with limited time he could make but few comparisons and 
reach but few conclusions as to the true inwardness of the schools making the 
exhibits. Still, from the almost unlimited number of methods and devices 
everywhere to be seen, he, whether teacher or educational expert, must have 
been enriched and inspired. 

It will be remembered by those who visited the fair, that the Kansas 
schools were represented at both the liberal arts building and at the state 
building, occupying 1,560 square feet in the former and the second floor of 
the east wing of the latter. Upon the table might be found 404 bound vol- 
umes of manuscripts of class work and test exercises, and 10 photograph 
albums containing likenesses of school buildings and their apartments, teach- 
ers and their schools, besides bound volumes of the Western School Journal^ 
The Industrialist, and The Normal Quarterly. 

The following are the names of the counties and cities of the state, and 
the number of volumes contributed by each : 

Counties: Atchison h, Barton 1, Brown i, Butler 2, Chase 1^^, Chautau- 
qua 1, Coffey 2, Comanche 1, Cowley 1, Dickinson 3, Doniphan 8, Douglas 6, 
Ellis 2^, Franklin 4, Geary 1, Greenwood 6, Greeley 1, Kearny 1, Kingman 1, 
Labette 3, Lincoln 1, Lyon 2, Miami J, Mitchell 1, McPherson 1, Morris ?, 
Nemaha J, Neosho I, Ottawa J, Pratt 3, Reno 2, Riley 4, Rooks 1, Scott ?, 
Shawnee 6, Thomas 1, Trego J, Woodson 3, Wyandotte 3. 

Cities: Atchison 4, Alma 1, Anthony 5, Burlington 5, Bonner Springs 1, 
Burlingame 3, Cherry Vale 2, Columbus 1, Concordia 7, Colby 4, Dodge City 
2, Efiingham 1, Emporia 7, Eureka 4, Fort Scott 7, Frankfort 3, Gove City 
1, Great Bend 2, Halstead 2, Hiawatha Academy 1, Independence 5, Indus- 
trial School for Girls 1, Junction City 2, Kansas City 9, Lawrence 11, Leav- 
enworth 11, Leon, 2, Longton 1, Lincoln Center 2, McPherson 6, Marion 2, 
Manhattan 13, Newton 5, Oakland 2, Osborne 2, Ottawa 2, Parsons 5, Pitts- 
burg 4, Potwin 4, Paola 3, Sedan 2; Sabetha 2, Seneca 10, Topeka 92, Wich- 
ita 20, Wamego 4. 

Upon the walls were exhibited about 380 straw boards, 22 x 28 inches, 
neatly framed, upon which were placed drawings, photographs, wall charts, 
and kindergarten work, representing both plane and solid forms. Relief 
maps of the continents, 16 in all, were constructed by pupils of the State 
Normal, Leavenworth and Pittsburg schools, and added much to the appear- 
ance of the wall exhibit. Cases of clay modeling, and many specimens of 
homemade illustrative apparatus, constructed by pupils, showed that our com- 
mon schools were not wholly lacking in the spirit of manual training. In this 
connection, a model of Catson bridge, ingeniously constructed by the high- 
school pupils of Leavenworth, and a set of pulleys, made by the Mankato 
pupils, deserve special mention. 

A tabulated statistical chart, showing the comparative educational prog- 



42 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 



» 



ress of the state, and two great maps of Kansas, 7x12 feet, showing the lo- 
cation of all the rural schools, city schools, the State Normal School, the 
State University, colleges, and the various private and denominational insti- 
tutions, attracted much interest and attention, and reflected great credit upon 
Prof. L. C. ^yooster, who designed them. 

The State Normal School was represented by 34 volumes of manuscripts, 
showing the character and method of class work, and illustrative apparatus 
made by pupils of the institution, and by many photographs and special de- 
signs. 

The State Agricultural College furnished four volumes of class work from 
the department of industrial art and design ; four albums containing many 
photographs and engravings of buildings and their apartments, and two 
cases filled with specimens of plants and insects; products of manual train- 
ing and domestic art. 

The Kansas educational exhibit made at the liberal arts building is en- 
tered in the catalogue of the exposition and deserves special mention. It oc- 
cupied 1,560 square feet of space, as has been said, and consisted of the 
following groups: 

1. The common school section, consisting of (a) 195 volumes of manu- 
scripts containing class exercises and special tests; (6)' 204 wall charts, 22 x 
28 inches, containing drawings from objects, drawings in physiology, outline 
maps, plans and descriptions of school buildings, sheets showing methods of 
instruction in language, and kindergarten work from primary schools; (c) 
many photographs of school buildings and their apartments, pupils and 
teachers, displayed both upon the walls and in albums; (c?) 10 relief maps; 
(e) 1 case of primary work in form and in language ; (/ ) one Kansas map, 
showing the location of all the schools and schoolhouses in the state; ((/) 

1 statistical chart, showing the comparative progress of the educational sys- 
tem of the state; (Ji) 8 bound volumes of the Western School Journal. 

2. The Normal School section, consisting of (a) 1 case, containing kinder- 
garten work, illustrative apparatus constructed by pupils, object drawings, 
specimens of clay modeling, and a few prepared specimens of Kansas birds; 
{b) 19 bound volumes of manuscripts, designed to illustrate the normal 
methods of instruction; (c) a collection of books written by teachers and 
graduates of the institution; (d) 3 oil paintings; (e) 4 water colors; (/) 6 
putty relief maps; (g) 18 casts, designs, etc. 

3. The Agricultural College section, consisting of (a) 1 large case, con- 
taining specimens of manual training and domestic art, and illustrating ex- 
ercises in primary and iron working, and sewing and cooking, an etymological 
collection, and specimens of printing; (b) bound volumes — 2 of the catalogues, 

2 of reports, 17 of the Industrialist, and 5 showing exercises in industrial art 
and design; (c) 5 photograph albums; (c?) 80 wood cuts of the surroundings 
and actual workings of the college; (e) 16 charts, showing the time given to 
each study and its order in the college, together with an outline of instruc- 
tion given in the class room. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 43 

Directly after the organization of the board of directors, they elected 
Prof. L. C. Wooster as superintendent of the exhibit, to whom much praise 
is due for his persistent efforts in getting up and classifying the material pre- 
sented, and in placing it so attractively in the exposition. 

On his resignation in August, to accept a permanent position in the North 
Dakota State Normal School, he was succeeded by Supt. C. M. Light, whose 
fitness for the position was everywhere recognized. 

The board of directors for the Kansas educational exhibit were: Geo. W. 
Winans, president and chairman of the finance committee, Topeka; A. R. 
Taylor, secretary and chairman of exhibit committee, Emporia; G. T. Fair- 
child, treasurer, Manhattan; L. C. Wooster, superintendent. Eureka; E. Stan- 
ley, Lawrence; C. Y. Roop, Salina; A. W. Leech, Mound City; F. H. Snow> 
Lawrence; D. E. Sanders, Ft. Scott ; J. E. Klock, Leavenworth ; J. E. Peairs, 
Lawrence; John MacDonald, Topeka; W. M. Davidson, Topeka; H. N. 
Gaines, Topeka; A. S. Olin, Lawrence. 

The Woman's Room. 

On the south wall of the " woman's room " was a portrait of Mrs. Clorinda 
Nichols, who sat in the first constitutional convention, and fought for rights of 
women when its advocates were denounced as strong-minded and unwomanly. 
It is reported that her hands were never idle, and that, while her busy brain 
devised ways and means to ameliorate the condition of her sex, she 'tended 
strictly to her knitting," as she finished the sock which she was at before 
the convention closed. Mrs. Nichols succeeded in obtaining more liberal 
property rights for the women of her state than those afforded them in any 
other state in the union. The strong, kindly face showed determination of 
purpose ; you feel it while you look at it, and carry the impression away with 
you. This is the property of the Wyandotte ladies. 

"The Pioneer Woman" is a picture that will stand any amount of study, 
some new point coming out at every visit. A woman stands just outside 
of a dugout, gazing over the vast expanse of prairie that stretches out before 
her; her attitude brings to one's mind the loneliness and privations of the 
women who courageously went forth with their husbands to subdue the tree- 
less plains; yet there is nothing about the picture to suggest despair. The 
primitive dugout has its sunflowers blooming on the sodded roof. Although 
the fine face carries a look of regret as she gazes eastward, thinking perhaps 
of the friends and comforts of her old home, courage and hope for the new 
home she has come to build softens the regret. The soft, purplish tints of 
the gray dress blend well with the gray-green buffalo grass and the peculiar 
tints of a sky seen only, it is said, in Kansas and Italy. The perspective is 
fine, gazing into the illimitable distance of undulating prairie; sky and prairie 
seem to blend in an undefinable line. The picture is 3x5 feet in dimension, 
and beautifully framed. It was sent by the Wyandotte County Woman's 
Columbian Club. The artist is Geo. M. Stone, of Topeka. 



44 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Another historical gem is entitled "Bygone Memories," belonging to the 
Woodward collection, of Lawrence. It is one of the pictures that appeals to 
the soul, of days long departed, that memory brings, like blossoms of Eden> 
to twine around the heart. So exquisitely rendered is the subject that it might 
easily pass for the work of one of the great Dutch painters, so renowned for 
their interior views. The elderly woman, with a homely but genial face, the 
old spinning wheel, the scanty furniture, with all the details carefully drawn, 
the glow of the coals on the open fireplace, and the wonderful slanting ray of 
white light coming in through the window, entitle the picture to the praises 
that have been lavished upon it ; although small, it is one of the most char- 
acteristic in the collection. 

A "Pioneer House," by A. S. Cordry, of Minneapolis, shows close study. 
In it one finds a simple bit of nature painted with feeling and poetic expres- 
sion. It is a solitary spot; an old-time dwelling, with ridgepole falling in; 
the bits of palings here and there, stumps, and an old gate, give it a pleasing 
flavor of mild decay. 

A portrait of an Indian, by Mrs. E. F. Lyman, of Baxter Springs, where 
she has a studio, is admirably drawn and painted. Mrs. Lyman has several 
other paintings in the Kansas exhibit — a portrait of Mrs. Wilson and a bib- 
lical subject — "The Changed Cross." 

The merry group of six children, with school books and flowers, by Mrs. 
J. H. Tiner, of Concordia, are real Kansas children, not posing in fine linen 
and laces, but natural, jolly children, with a general air of health and con- 
tentment, which inspires one with a desire to know more about them. 

" Products of Kansas " is an admirable study of still life that was uni- 
versally admired. It shows an arrangement of cucumbers, corn and onions 
resting against a cabbage head, with a kettle of potatoes and a box of luscious 
blackberries in the foreground. The artist, Mrs. James J. Ogden, has shown 
great skill in arrangement and coloring. 

A bunch of calla lilies on Japan are pleasing and pretty. A small winter 
landscape near it is well done. 

" Jakey and Marie," two wise-looking little owls on a basket, move one to 
laughter. Cosy, grave little rascals, as happy as happy can be ; not the hoot- 
ing, melancholy owl that complains from some ivy-mantled tower, but socially 
inclined owls, happy in each others' companionship. The artist is E. Mary 
Curtis Root, of Council Grove, Kas. 

Of the still-life subjects, one by Mrs. W. W. Reed is the masterpiece, the 
gem of the collection. It is a realistic painting of quail, on a wooden panel, 
the background of which is a portion of the Fort Scott Monitor, the reading 
clearly discernable. 

A portrait of Sol. Smith, the old sawyer, from life, is ouq before which 
many a group paused. Sol. is a well-known character, and his many friends 
recognized an old acquaintance as soon as they stepped into the woman's 
room. The rugged face and brawny hands are admirably drawn and painted, 





JII^J 



XIX.— Pyramid of Guain and Gu asses — Kansas Building. (Page 25.) 



Report of the Board oj Managers. 45 

not even the old cob pipe having been left out of the composition, the work 
of W. A. Ford, of Hutchinson. 

The Indian lookout, near Solomon river, was a point of observation from 
which the early settler could note the movements of the wily savage. To an 
ordinary observer there seems little in the picture worthy of attention, but to 
the frontiersman it suggests "days of danger and nights of watching." It is 
inclosed in a straw frame, the whole the work of Mrs. C. W. Lord, of Delphos. 

A wine glass, truit, apples and nuts is a beautiful little piece of still life, a 
dainty bit of coloring, by Annie M. Newton, of Garnett. 

Lilian Westervelt McGill has a fine piece of still life representing a brace 
of grouse, unusually well handled. 

An exquisite little scene in water color, entitled "A Glimpse of Sedan,' 
with its church steeples in the distance, suggests the famous "Angelus" in its 
atmospheric effects and simplicity of composition ; the artist is Emma Gates, 
of Sedan. 

A head of Voltaire, by Carrie B. Gould, of Leavenworth, deserves special 
mention. Also a head of Gambetta, in charcoal, by the same artist, and a 
fine equestrian piece. A water color, "On the Missouri River," is also her 
work. 

" The Last Leap " is a fine representation of a stag, pursued by hounds, 
leaping over a precipice; a lead-pencil piece, by Miss Kittie Squires, of 
Beloit. 

The fort or barricade used by John Brown, of Harper's Ferry fame, is an 
ambush carrying the mind back to the early struggles of Kansas ; the work 
of Mrs. E. A. Buchanan, of Fulton. 

A basket of luscious Catawba grapes by Mrs. J. G. Ogden, of Fort Scott. 
A true representation of the land of corn and grapes. 

"Sunny Kansas" is a picture full of sunshine, warmth, and beauty, of the 
Italian school of painting. The group of cows in the foreground, anxiously 
awaiting for the tardy milkmaid, is a charming rural scene, painted by Miss 
Mary Chamberlain, and loaned by the Woman's Columbian Club of lola. 

A water color of flowers, with delicate transparent petals, is entitled to 
more than ordinary notice. The artist is Mrs. Flora Campbell, of Circleville. 

"Alcove Springs," on Big Blue river, Marshall county, was an historical 
resting place of overland trains bound for golden California. It is the work 
of Mamie Shroyer, of that county, and well done. 

"Moses and the Law," a piece in black and white, is a fine study in light 
and shade, by Orpha Appleman, of El Dorado. 

A large pencil drawing of the emblems of the Daughters of Rebekah, de- 
signed by Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita, showed remarkable skill and inge- 
nuity in designing. It was the magnet toward which the " Daughters " who 
visited this room were irresistibly drawn. On the opposite side of the room 
hung a tapestry painting by the same artist — the banner of " Wichita chari- 
ies," which represented the orphans' home, hospitals, churches, etc. 



46 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

"The Eastern Star" was exhibited for awhile in the state building, and then 
moved to the woman's building. It was a massive, elaborate piece of work ; 
the frame, of native walnut, was carved in an artistic design. Only a genius 
could have planned and executed it; a fact that all will admit, when I give 
the name of Mrs. Hepler, of Fort Scott, as the designer. 

"The Spirit of Kansas," by Mrs. Mary E. Weston, aged 76 years, was exe- 
cuted on a large canvas. It represented a lovely young girl, holding in one 
hand the white dove of peace, and mounted on a horse going at full speed. 
The delicate coloring of her flowing drapery and golden hair blended beauti- 
fully, and the large, expressive eyes gave a spirit of animation to the whole. 

"The Prohibition Sunflower," a collossal flower, on whose yellow petals 
were given the statistics of what prohibition has done for the state, also quo- 
tations from some of the well-known men of Kansas on the subject of prohi- 
bition, notable among them Senator P. B. Plumb. This is the work of Miss 
Lou Mattoon, of Topeka, for the temperance club of Shawnee county. Pro- 
hibitionists from all over the United States have made extracts from it. 

"American Woman and Her Political Peers," the design of Mrs. H. B. 
Wall, of Hutchinson, executed by W. A. Ford, of the same place. The cen- 
ter is a fine portrait of Frances E. Willard, the world-renowned leader of the 
W. C. T. U. organization. In the corners are the pictures of a convict, an 
imbecile, a lunatic, and an Indian — the political peers of the grand central 
figure. It was certainly a forcible if not a flattering story teller. 

Among the collection was a fine sketch by M. L. Simpson ; also, a head of 
Columbus, done by Hattie Sill, of Eureka, which was specially meritorious. 
A small painting by Mrs. A. S. Bronson, was also much admired. A fine 
marine scene, " The Shipwreck," by Mrs. Chase, of Holton, is worthy of close 
study. A pen picture by Mrs. Betty Saunders, of Independence, is skillfully 
drawn. Another pen picture, of the Soldiers' Home at Leavenworth, by one 
of its inmates, Carl Hartman, was a fine piece of work. A picture by 
M. Mathews, "The Camp Fire," loaned by the Woman's Columbian Club of 
Ottawa, was a creditable eflfbrt. 

A portrait of the head of a young girl, beautifully done in oil, by Mrs. M. 
E. Patrick, of Concordia, which was remarkable for strength and finish. 

A beautiful panel of flowers for a mantelpiece was the work of Mrs. Cord- 
rey, of Minneapolis. 

Small drawings on cardboard, by Arthur Jamieson, were well executed. 

PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Views of prominent places in Arkansas City. 

A large picture containing six of the large buildings in Trego county. 

Views of the school buildings in El Dorado. 

Picture of public library in Independence. 

Six different views of Soldiers' Home, Leavenworth. 

Picture of public library, Cawker City. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 47 

Different views of Concordia, prominent among which were the "Barons 
House" and the residence of Col. N. B. Brown. 

Views in Butler county. 

Numerous views of the opening of the Cherokee strip, showing a motley 
crowd of boomers and land sharks rushing pellmell for the registration place, 
the work of Miller, of Arkansas City. 

Sets of views of Indians, in groups and in war dances, with all their para- 
phernalia of paint and feathers. 

Photograph of Mrs. L. A. B. Steele, an historic character, and belongs to 
that collection ; also one of Mrs. DeGeer, of the same collection. 

A fine photograph of W. H. Smith, of Marysville, Secretary of the old 
Board of Worlds' Fair Managers. 

Portrait of Mrs. Wilson, of Lawrence, a noted temperance worker. Also 
photographs of the Mary Somerville Library Society. 

Among the miscellaneous decorations was a frame composed of spools, with 
embroidered center, the work of the sewing women of Lyon county. 

Banner of white silk, bordered with gold fringe, presented to Abraham 
Lincoln by the students of Lombard, in 1858, belonging to the historical 
society. 

An old flag, made in 1776, and carried in the battle of Plattsburg and 
other battles in 1812; embroidered on white silk, an eagle and shield, loaned 
by Mr. Sholes, of Olathe, to the Woman's Columbian Club. 

Paper cuttings, by Miss Laura Hoyt, of Lyons, cut without rule ; leaf 
work and scroll work, on dark background, with common scissors, sent by 
the ladies of Lyons. 

Paper cuttings, by Mary A. Hunt, delicate as frost w^ork on a window 
pane, of trees and ferns ; a little scene representing a man, horse, child, and 
dog. Mrs. Hunt is 75 years of age. 

Several designs in paper cutting, by Mrs. Christine M. Haily, a German 
woman, of Fort Leavenworth ; so delicate that it resembled seaweed. 

Exhibits on Second Floor, Woman's Room. 

On the right, and just beyond the door opening into the open court, as 
you entered the room from the ladies' parlor, stood a large rye-straw work- 
basket, fully equipped with all the necessary needles, thread, buttons, scis- 
sors, etc., with which to repair rents in garments; and many visitors to the 
Kansas building took advantage of the opportunity to repair a torn dress or 
replace buttons that were lost off their shoes. Then it was gotten up in such 
an attractive style that it was a thing of beauty as well as of use. It be- 
longed to the Woman's Columbian Club of Fort Scott, of which Mrs. Hepler 
and Mrs. Goodlander were the principal managers. 

Beside it stood an upright double-decked show case, the lower deck filled 
with a set of beautiful China belonging to J. P. Robens, of Fort Scott, exhib- 
ited by the Woman's Columbian Club of that place. The design of decora- 



48 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

tion was Gen. Phil. Kearny's headquarters. The upper deck was filled 
with pieces of rare China from different parts of the state, all exquisitely de- 
signed and remarkably well done. The exhibitors were Mrs. Westervelt 
McGill, Mrs. J. K. Oliver, Mrs. H. W. Heine, Miss Goodlander, of Fort 
Scott; Mrs. McFadden, of Kansas City; Mrs. Mary A. Turner, Mrs. L. W. 
Fisher, and Miss Nellie Mitchner, of Newton ; Mrs. Flora Campbell, of Cir- 
cleville ; Mrs. Emma Gates, of Sedan ; Mrs. Dr. Condit, of Atchison ; Mrs. M. 
Beck, of Holton — a rare and beautiful collection of the handiwork of Kan- 
sas women. In the front were four sterling silver souvenir spoons, one a de- 
sign of General Kearny's headquarters, belonging to Fort Scott; one to 
Holton, a design of Holton; two were the exhibit of Miss Julia Officer, 
"Westward Ho!" and "Buffalo Bill's Wild West." 

There were several pots of plants between this case and a flat show case be- 
longing to Kansas City ; in one corner of the same were displayed rose stones 
from Salina. The rest of the case was given up to a cream opera cloak and 
sacque, lined with delicate pink satin, beautifully and wonderfully embroid- 
ered in silken morning-glories; displayed by Mrs. Holmes, of Minneapolis, 
who studied the fine arts in the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Chicago. 

The next piece was the "Artist's Companion," exhibited by the Woman's 
Columbian Club of Manhattan, one of the handiest of articles; a neat stand, 
containing a box that will hold all necessary paint, brushes, canvas, etc., 
with a comfortable three-legged stool, is folded up into a neat size, light and 
easy to handle, a veritable boon to a field artist ; the invention of Mrs. Annie 
Buchanan, of Manhattan. 

The China case belonging to the Woman's Columbian Club of Wichita 
was literally filled with plaques, platters, plates, pictures, jardinieres, bon- 
bons, bowls, cups and saucers, candlesticks, etc. It excited the attention of 
all the visitors to the Kansas building. The following-named ladies deserve 
credit for filling this fine case with handsome China of their own handiwork: 
Mrs. Edward Vail, Mrs. Oscar Smith, Mrs. S. W. Norris, Mrs. Pattie Strong, 
Mrs. S. D. Hersey, Mrs. Charles Sharp, Mrs. and Miss Pratt, Mrs. Frank 
Smith, Miss Emily Jekyll, and Mrs. Fabrique. 

On the north side of the room stood a large and well-made oak sideboard, 
the work of the pupils of the deaf and dumb institute, at Olathe, finished 
at the top with a handsome plate-glass mirror, under a shelf, on which rested 
a panel of hand-painted flowers, the work of the same institute. 

On the left of the door, on the same side of the room, stood a table upon 
which rested a design of Salina Acme cement plaster, 6x2^ feet in size, of a 
scene in a threshing field, true to that great wheat-growing section, and sug- 
gestive of the richness of the soil in that part of Kansas ; there were a great 
many stacks of grain, a steam thresher, plenty of hands, teams and wagons 
to haul away the grain, and everybody connected with it seemed to be work- 
ing hard to finish the half-done stack before the setting sun. The work was 
executed by Miss Putnam, of Salina, for the Woman's Columbian Club of 
that place. 




XX.— Pyramid of Grasses, west wing— Kansas Building. ^Pjige 25.) 




XXI.— The Emporia Fountain— Kansas Building. (Tage 25.) 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 49 

On the west side was another patent, the "Universal Adjustable Table," 
exhibited by Emma Hughes, of Wichita. As a household article, for office 
and studio, it is invaluable. The shelf is supported so as to admit of its ad- 
justment to any angle or incline. It is also provided with a rotary and ver- 
tical adjustment, which permits the person using it to readily adjust the shelf 
to the desired position or height. It is not complicated, presents a neat ap- 
pearance, and can be folded into a compact form when not in use. 

On the same table was a revolving sad iron, exhibited by Mrs. Mary 
Sutton, of Lawrence, consisting of a revolving sad iron and fluting iron com- 
bined, with a small gasoline tank attached to one end. A small tube is con- 
nected with this tank and conducted to the interior of the square space 
formed by the irons, giving sufficient heat to last during the progress of a 
large ironing. Mrs. Sutton was awarded a diploma and gold medal from the 
Paris academy of inventors, which was a high compliment, and she no doubt 
has a fortune in her invention, having already refused quite a sum for her 
patent. 

By the side of this was another patent, of Mrs. M. Lament, of Lincoln, 
a broom catch, which is made of heavy rubber. It is slipped over the end 
of the handle and pressed down far enough to hold it in place, a projection 
on either side enabling one to catch it onto wainscoting, the side of kitchen 
table, etc., thus preventing the old worry of the broom falling against the side 
of a room, knocking off plaster, or doing other damage. 

These patents have been examined by a great many people, and many 
praises bestowed on the ingeuity of the brain that devised them. 

An old spinning wheel, made in Strasburg in 1620, and brought to this 
country some time in 1700, is the property of Mrs. L. G. Hall, Labette. 

Here was a handsomely carved cabinet. The designs were ears of corn, 
heads of wheat, grapes, and sunflowers; one of the finest pieces on the whole 
grounds ; so clearly cut one could look at it and know at once that it meant 
Kansas. This valuable cabinet was the design and work of Miss Annie Covell, 
and belongs to the Woman's Columbian Club of El Dorado. Beside it was a 
huge square case, resting on a table, for the display of needlework. In the 
case was a handsome white linen dress, cleverly decorated in drawn work, by 
Mrs. Wolfang, Concordia. 

There were also centerpieces, table spreads, doilies, tidies, handkerchiefs, 
lace, mitts, etc., exhibited by the following ladies: Mrs. C. C. Wheeler and 
Carrie Pierce, Maysville; Mrs. Holmes, Cynthia Bristol, Hortense Bailey, 
Gertie Bailey, Mrs. E. N. Bailey, and Mrs. James Cleveland, of Bailey ville; 
Mrs. Rose Stapleton, of Fulton; Mrs. Churchill, Miss Laura Goodlander, 
Lena Holin, and Mrs. Durkee, Fort Scott ; Mrs. Emma E. Gates, Mrs. Jane 
Graham, Ada Hosford, of Sedan ; Mrs. A. M. Clark, Mankato ; Mrs. J. D. 
Thompson, Mrs. Thomas White, Mary L. Robins, Mrs. M. C. Tillotson, Law- 
rence ; point lace, Mrs. Fitzgerald, Dodge City ; Mrs. Feo Parris, Newton ; 
Mrs. Dr. Pettijohn, Hoyt; point lace, Mrs. Olson, St. Marys; Mrs. Rose Ste- 
phenson, Fulton; Miss Nellie Keith, Mrs. Sarah Stebbins, Atchison; Woman's 
—4 



50 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Columbian Club, Girard; Mrs. L. M. Verbeck, Girard; Mrs. M. Enystone, 
Mrs. M. Burrell, Mrs. Wolfang, Concordia; Rilla Brown, Marion; Mrs. Mar- 
tie Beck, and the Woman's Columbian Club, Holton; Mrs. M. Klasson, Pa- 
ola; crocheted bedspread and bolster sham, by Mrs. Ida Howard, Wichita; 
crazy- work throw, by Mrs. A. C. Cowles, Emporia; patchwork quilt, by Mrs. 
E. E. Crandall, Manhattan; very old coverlid, by Mrs. Denton, of Denton- 
ville; fancy painted articles, Nellie Jackson, of Junction City; fancy articles 
made of celluloid, A. W. Teachant, Atchison, exhibited by Mrs. S. S. Steb- 
bins, Atchison; bonnet made of corn husks, by Alice Stebbins, Atchison; 
cloth made of hibiscus bark by native women of Micronesia, sent by a mis- 
sionary to Mrs. S. Stebbins, of Atchison, and exhibited by her; flowers, Mrs. 
M. Parks, Mankato, Mrs. J. G. Cole; handsome handkerchief box of glass 
and yellow ribbon, Mrs. C. F. Martin, Fort Scott. 

By the side of this case stood a rye-straw center table. The top was cov- 
ered with crimson plush, and on it rested a small straw workbasket. Both 
were the work of Mrs. Geo. E. Wright, Delphos. The workmanship was so 
unique that it merits special mention. How a thing so exquisite could be 
made of straw, as finely twisted and woven as the finest Milo or Tuscan straw, 
was the continual topic of interest to admiring visitors. 

In the southwest corner was a fine collection of Indian relics, representing 
the tribes in possession of Kansas when the early settlers went in to take the 
land and make homes: Comanche war bonnet, Cheyenne and Arapahoe 
shields, totem pole, war flag, spear, bows and arrows, and numerous photo- 
graphs, the property of Mrs. Fisher, of Atchison. 

A carved cabinet, massive and elaborate, represented three months' labor, 
the designing and execution being done by Mrs. Emma Gates, of Sedan. On 
the lower drawers were carved designs of oak leaves and acorns, with two 
branches tied together with bowknots. Just above, at the right side of the 
case, was a small drawer decorated with carved designs of maple leaves and 
blossoms. Above the small drawer was a door with designs of sycamore 
leaves and balls. Above the door was a shelf backed by a French mirror, 
with carved brackets of ivy leaves. The back panel of the top of the case 
was a design of dogwood blossoms. The left side of the case had three 
shelves. All the trimmings were of solid brass. The case was made entirely 
of sweet gum wood, and was 58 inches high and 33 inches in width. On the 
top of the case were two pieces of statuary — one a child's head in clay, touch- 
ingly lifelike; the soft curls seemed ready to lift with the breeze, and the 
sweet mouth to open. The other represented two country urchins, arm in 
arm, rugged and happy, "creeping like snails" unwillingly to school, carved 
from stone. These were the work of a self-taught woman, of Topeka — Mrs. 
Clara Barton. 

Kansas, of course, had a Mayflower relic, in the form of an old straight- 
backed chair, still in a good state of preservation, with the following inscrip- 
tion on the hack: "England was my birthplace, the Mayflower my cradle, 
Plymouth Rock my refuge, Massachusetts the heydey of my youth, Bosco- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 51 

wan, N. H., my attic prison house, and Kansas my last hope and redemption. 
My early friends were Miles Standish, the stalwart captain, and John Alden, 
the scholar; and my latest friend, whose household god I now am, lives on 
the boundless prairies of Kansas ; her name is Mrs. L. W. Harris, of Milton- 
vale." 

On the east wall, over the design of the Daughters of Rebekah, was a de- 
sign of sunflowers, spelling "The Sunflower State," each letter being made 
up of small sunflowers, contributed by the Ladies' Club of Minneapolis. 

A Greek vase, made entirely of oats, stood near the case of China, designed 
and made by Mrs. H. H. Kern, of Bonner Springs. It was a classic piece of 
bric-a-brac. 

On the side of the room, near the cabinet already mentioned, stood a show 
case holding the exhibit of the Pansy Club, of Topeka, consisting of 16 China 
dinner plates, with the initials of the young ladies belonging to the club, and 
one very large plate. All were beautifully decorated in wreaths of gorgeous 
pansies. A more artistic and fitting exhibit and design could not have been 
proposed for this club ; and there was a constant inquiry as to whether those 
plates were for sale or not. In one end of this case lay the exhibit of the 
Plain Sewing Club, of Topeka — a baby's wardrobe. Young mothers were 
seen standing in groups around this exhibit and asking for patterns of the 
snug, easy-fitting garments. The sewing was perfect ; every stitch seemed to 
tell its own story of the faithful workers. 

Another case held miscellaneous articles: Among them a book of Cove- 
nanter sermons, published in the north of Scotland in 1680, the property of 
Mr. Stark, of Topeka. A deed from William Penn to a tract of land, in the 
reign of Charles II. The deed was made on calf, and, while the document 
shows age, the autograph of William Penn, the peacemaker, stands out as 
plainly as though written but yesterday ; the property of Thomas Buckman. A 
paper published in Vicksburg during the siege, printed on wall paper, show- 
ing the terrible straits they were in for material from the outside, yet the 
doubting editor still tried to keep up the spirits of his people by telling 
them that Grant was in a hard row of stumps. This is the property of Mrs. 
M. E. Rowley, Olathe. 

Those curios should, and no doubt will, find their way to the historical 
rooms of the statehouse. Two old pieces, dating back to 1600, a piece of 
linen, and a silver teaspoon dented by babies' teeth, were the property of 
Mrs. A. M. Clark, Mankato; old linen towel, Mrs. Cynthia Bristol; skeins 
of silk from Wichita; an array of fancy articles, such as pincushions, card 
receivers, etc., made of "devil claw birds," natives of Ellis county, a novel 
but taking collection, the contribution of Mrs. Gilkerson, of Hays City; two 
fan-shaped ornaments made by Robert Hogoboon, of Norton county. 

On the east wall was an immense sunflower with soft felt petals. 

In the center of the room stood a large, plain table, with a silver plate 
bearing the inscription: "The Woman's Columbian Club, Westmoreland, 
Pottawatomie County." This was a useful as well as an ornamental piece of 



52 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

furniture. On the center was placed a straw basket, the work belonging to 
the Fort Scott collection. It was filled with cards that were dropped into it 
by visitors at the building. On one corner lay the " Historical Church Charts," 
bound in seven volumes. Each chart contained pictures of the first and last 
pastor of its respective church, and of the church. These are now placed in 
the historical room. The designer was Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita. 

Bound copies of The Wilsonton Journal, by Mrs. A. Wilson, of Parsons ; 
books by different Kansas authors ; book of photographs of Concordia, Kas. ; 
photographs of views of Parsons; books and pamphlets from all over the 
state, giving history of organization of counties, work of women, women 
wage-earners, etc., gotten up by the women's Columbian clubs. They were 
fine statistical reports and should go to the historical rooms. 

On a stand near by lay two German Bibles, more than 150 years old, the 
property of Henry Brandley, of Matfield Green, of great interest to antiqua- 
rians. Opposite this, on the wall, hung two large bunches of mammoth 
white corn, from the farm of Mrs. A. M. Clark, of Jewell county. Evidently 
the visitors considered it good corn, for it was entirely stripped of every ker- 
nel long before the close of the exposition. 

This room was bordered by a frieze of buff and white tulle, emblematic of 
temperance and suffrage. In the center, overhead, was a beautiful design in 
the same colors, laid in many folds, representing the "Eastern Star." 

This room was supplied with settees, rockers, and other chairs, for the con- 
venience and comfort of weary pedestrians. 

Ladies' Parlor. 

Directly at the head of the stair, on the second floor, was the door leading 
into the ladies' reception room, better known as the "Sunflower Room," on ac- 
count of the elaborate frieze composed of the Kansas floral emblem. This 
gorgeous decoration was designed and contributed by the Ladies' Columbian 
Club of Leavenworth, of which Mrs. A. R. Massey was president. It is safe 
to say that it was more universally admired than any other interior decora- 
tion. 

On the wall, near the door, was a portrait of children, painted from life, 
by Mrs. James G. Ogden. Beside this, a large, five-paneled art screen, the 
work of the deaf and dumb pupils, of Olathe, beautifully decorated with hand- 
painted wild flowers — sunflowers, wild roses, morning-glories, and fleur-de-lis, 
interspersed with wild birds. The screen was loaned by Professor Walker. 
Near this screen hung the sunflower clock, designed and made by the Riley 
County Columbian Club, carved from one piece of native walnut. The 
petals of the sunflowers were made from native Osage orange. This unique 
clock was a fine timekeeper, and marked the hours of the great Columbian 
fair from the opening ceremonies to the lowering of the flags that floated over 
the " White City." The window near the clock was draped in rich, old-gold 
hangings, finished with plush balls of a delicate gray tint, loaned by the 
ladies of Lawrence. Under the clock sat a massive oak rocker; the uphol- 




XXVI.— Xoiirn American Mammals— Kansas Building. Exhibited by 
the State University. (Page 34.) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 53 

stery was heavy corduroy, and the back was covered by a pillow, handsomely 
embroidered in a design of sunflowers, the work of the Woman's Columbian 
Club of Wamego, and made especially for the Columbian Exposition. 

Between the windows on the same side of the room was a massive mantel, 
designed and made by the Ladies' Columbian Club of Girard. This was so 
different in style and finish from the ordinary mantels that it attracted much 
attention. The tilings on one side of the fireplace represented a stalk of sun- 
flowers, and the other, corn and sunflowers. On the tiling over the fireplace 
was a view of Clear creek, Crawford county, very skillfully done. On the 
shelf in front of the French mirror stood a vase, the well-ksown work of Mrs. 
Heine, of Fort Scott; and another, by Mrs. Swanson, of Newton, a very 
beautiful thing, much admired on account of its delicate designs. Two long- 
necked Grecian vases were placed in the upper recesses, the work of the 
women of Girard. 

The niche formed by the mantel made room for a pretty piece of furniture ; 
and built, as it seemed, expressly for it, was a settee of native oak, upholstered 
with blue plush, the cushions embroidered with sunflowers. In one of the 
fan-shaped corners were the words, "Greenwood County, Kansas," on the flat 
surface. 

Across the corner was a handsome divan, upholstered in danesse of terra 
cotta, brocaded designs of native flowers, and "Bourbon County" embroidered 
in silk across the lower part of the back. 

A chair of native oak was elaborately carved with designs in oak leaves. 
The back consisted of one piece, with "Ottawa County" carved across the top. 
The seat was upholstered with leather, stamped with the same design in oak 
leaves and scroll work. The chair was contributed by the Woman's Colum- 
bian Club of Ottawa County. 

Under the beautifully decorated Franklin county window stood a divan of 
black walnut, upholstered in silk brocatle, plain but very rich, from La Cygne. 

The ladies of Ottawa, particularly Mrs. C. F. Briggs, deserve all the credit 
of the artistic draping of the three south windows. Many a newspaper woman 
found material for the woman's column of her paper from them. The mate- 
rial was yellow and white China silk, finished with a frieze of the same colors . 
The middle window was a beautifully decorated white glass, with designs of 
sunflower and corn, and the words, "Ottawa, Franklin County, Kansas." 
The decorations above, below and between these windows were puffings of 
pale green satin ; between each puff were photographic views of residences in 
Ottawa. 

In the southeast corner stood a horn chair upholstered in leather, with a 
lovely sunflower design in the seat, and a leather fringe around the chair. 
This chair was the property of the Ladies' Keading Club, of Junction City. 
Numerous applications were made for the price of this furniture, and many 
glanced covetously at it. 

Near it was another horn chair, high backed, a companion piece to the one 
just mentioned, upholstered in jaguar skin. Many remarks of wonder and 



54 Kansas at the World's Fair, 189S. 

admiration were bestowed upon these two chairs that seemed to vie with each 
other in the favor of the visitors. The latter was the property of the Woman's 
Columbian Club of Dodge City. 

Beside these was the Emporia chair, more elaborately carved than any 
other piece of furniture in the room. The termination of the posts were 
carved ears of corn, with the husk turned half way down. The upper sec- 
tion of the back represented a large sunflower, across which was carved, in 
raised letters, the word " Emporia," while the lower section was bordered by 
sunflowers, and the word " Kansas " carved across it. At the right side of 
the seat was the word "Woman's," the front "Columbian," the left "Club." 
It was upholstered in bear skin. This massive piece was an eflective orna- 
ment to the room. 

In the northeast corner stood the sunflower chair of the Woman's Colum- 
bian Club of Troy, Doniphan county. The back was of solid black walnut, 
overlaid with an Osage-orange sunflower. The seat was of solid walnut, in- 
laid with the sunflower, and the word "Kansas." The front of the seat was 
inlaid with "Doniphan County." This chair needs no encomiums ; the work- 
manship speaks for itself. Between this chair and the piano were two chairs 
contributed by the Woman's Club of Seneca. The frames were of black 
walnut, one upholstered in light terra cotta silk, the other in dark. The 
top panels of the backs were carved in sunflowers ; the front of the chairs, 
with the word " Seneca." 

On the north side of the room was an elegant and valuable piano, placed 
at the disposal of the Board of Managers by Geo. P. Bent Piano Company, 
of Chicago, and by them presented to the girls' reformatory, at Beloit. The 
same style and make of piano was awarded two medals and two diplomas of 
the hightest honor at the World's Fair. 

The window-door opening on the veranda was curtained with a rich linen 
scrim with a deep border of brown silk work (Kansas silk), and fringe of 
linen lace made by Mrs. Lathrop ; the curtain was the work of Mrs. McDan- 
iel, both of Concordia. 

Between the parlor and the historical room, the dooi'S were appropriately 
draped with portieres of Kansas silk, in the design of the American flag. 
The white raised stars, on the blue field, gave a striking eflfect, while an em- 
broidered dado of golden sunflowers finished the piece; the whole conception 
and design was unequaled by anything of a like nature on the ground. This 
was contributed, also, by the Woman's Club of Concordia, whose ruling 
spirit is Mrs. N. B. Brown. 

Between the two doors hung the Jewell county banner, the body of cream 
silk tapestry, embroidered in yellow silk; a genuine Kansas sunflower in the 
upper left corner, a stalk of corn with two huge ears, suggestive of the qual- 
ity of corn raised in that county ; the lower right corner in golden rod ; the 
words, "Jewell the banner corn county of Kansas. Her daughters commem- 
orate her glory, 1893." The word "Jewell" emblazoned with sparkling jew- 
els. It was finished in heavy gold fringe and two large tassels. The draping 



Report of the Board of Managers. 65 

was a rich golden-browD plush scarf, lined with rich yellow satin, and finished 
in heavy gold fringe. It belongs to the Woman's Columbian Club of that 
county, and is now placed in the statehouse. 

On the north side of the room, near the piano, was the "Woman's Relief 
Corps, the design of the department of Kansas. At the top of the design is 
our country's emblem, from whose beak extend streamers containing the 
words "Kansas Woman's Relief Corps." At the top, "Firing on Fort Sum- 
ter;" in the scroll at the right, "Home, Sweet Home;" at the left, "Encamp- 
ment or Reunion." In the scroll at the left bottom is the W. R. C. badge ; 
above it their motto; below it the words, "Protection to our protectors." In 
the scroll at the right bottom is the G.A.R. badge; above it the word "Com- 
rade;" below it the words "Our Honored Friends." At the bottom are the 
"Willing Hands." In the oval in the center is the soldiers' monument. On 
each side of the monument the stars and stripes hang at half mast, and at 
the top the seal of Kansas. All the various designs are symbolical, and teach 
lessons of patriotism and devotion to the country and to its defenders. The 
original design was drawn by Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita, and executed on 
a piece of Kansas-grown oak wood by Prof. H. Worrall, of Topeka. The 
painting was done by Geo. M. Stone, of Topeka. It was draped with six 
silken flags, which gave a beautiful and touching effect. It was placed in 
the Kansas building by Mrs. Ida Wilson Moore, past department president. 

One of the portraits in the room was that of a child with golden curls, 
with the new moon in the background, done by Mrs. M. E. Peck, of Concor- 
dia. This portrait hung over the mantel. The other was a portrait of a 
beautiful lady, a life study. 

Over one of the doors hung a study of the passion flower, beautifully done 
by Mrs. Westervelt McGill, of Fort Scott. 

Over the other door was a painting of Hutchinson's mill, by Josie Fur- 
man, of Marysville; a veritable landmark, truthfully rendered. 

A small painting of sunflowers and a panel of pansies were by the brush 
of Mrs. Cordrey. 

Over the piano was a tapestry painting by Miss Kelly, of Leavenworth, 
a colonial scene; a young gallant in a three-cornered hat, and a dainty miss 
in a short-waisted frock, tripping daintily over the lea. 

The floor was covered with a handsome Wilton rug, in terra cotta shades, 
that harmonized well with the general coloring of the room. It was furnished 
by the ladies of Newton. 

In the center of the room stood a table in mosaic work that represented 
three years' work, there being 9,000 pieces of wood, and 39 different kinds. 
Exhibited by the ladies' club of Girard, and made by John McCabe. It was 
an exquisite piece of workmanship. 

The rug at the head of the stairs belonged to the ladies of Irving, and is 
now in the "Old Ladies' Rest," at Leavenworth. 

The description of the "sunflower parlor" would be incomplete without 
mentioning the exquisite banner of white silk, with gold lettering, decorated 



56 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

with the floral emblem of the state and finished with gold fringe and tassels. 
More copies, it is safe to say, were made of that poem than of any piece of 
literature on the exposition grounds. One stanza in particular seemed to be 
the keynote of this exquisite symphony in yellow : 

" You may talk about yer lilies, yer violets and yer roses, 
Yer asters an' yer jasymines, an' all yer other posies; 
I '11 allow they all 'er beauties, 'er full of sweet perfume, 
But there 's none of 'em a patchin' to the sunflowers in bloom." 

The poem was composed by Albert Bigelow Paine, and the artist was 
Hannah W. Heine, of Fort Scott. 

Historical and Reading Room. 

The walls of this interesting room were literally covered with the pictures 
hereafter mentioned — pictures of men past and present; pictures of men who 
made our state what it is. Each picture told its own story. Here, above all 
others, was the place for study and meditation — "the students' corner." The 
room was furnished by the ladies of Topeka, in heavy oak, simple and sub- 
stantial — comfortable settees, easy chairs, rockers and other chairs, reading ta- 
bles, on which were found the latest papers, supplied by the editors of Kansas 
and of Kansas City, Mo., and convenient writing desks and newspaper files. 
A deep frieze of cured grasses, made by the ladies of Topeka, the late Mrs. 
A. G. Stacey being the designer, (for which the Board of Managers take this 
opportunity to express their heartfelt thanks,) bordered the tinted walls. 
Straw matting covered the floor, and plain light curtains shaded the windows. 

The aim of the historical society in this exhibit was fourfold: (1) To 
show in some respects the growth and career of Kansas from the beginning 
of its settlement ; (2) to contribute to the interest of the general Kansas ex- 
hibition ; (3) to indicate, through an exhibit from the library of the society, 
the literary work and thought of the people of Kansas from the earliest 
period ; (4) to show the manner in which the state has undertaken to pre- 
serve and perpetuate the materials of its own history for the use of future 
generations, and at the same time to make such material useful as current in- 
formation brought into one accessible place, as events transpire in all parts of 
the state, from day to day and from week to week throughout every year. 

The society hung on the walls of the reading room in the Kansas build- 
ing over 100 pictures ; these were, in part, portraits of prominent citizens of 
the state, governors. United States senators and representatives in Congress, 
and of others distinguished in the history of the state for their services as 
pioneers or otherwise. In part, they were pictures representing events of 
some special historical interest. 

Pictures of "Old John Brown," taken at different times and places, were 
hung on every side. His last words, in his own handwriting, hung below 
one of them. A fine bust of him was placed on a shelf near by. Many 
other pictures were shown in album cases. Nearly 200 volumes of Kansas 
books were placed in the exhibit; books of Kansas authorship or of state 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 57 

publication. From the collection of bound volumes of Kansas newspapers 
in the library of the society, which number in all nearly 10,000, the files of 
two counties were placed in the exhibit, those of Douglas, one of the older 
counties, numbering 278 volumes, and those of Morton county, one of the 
newest, numbering 22 volumes. The books and newspaper files were placed 
in the room of the educational exhibit in the Kansas building. 

It is believed that the historical society's exhibit contributed in a great 
measure its proper share toward the main objects of the Kansas exhibit at 
the great World's Columbian Exposition. 

Gentlemen's Parlor. 

Entering this room through a double door, draped with olive-green chenille 
curtains, the visitor was greeted by an elaborate display of the work of the 
pupils of the art school, of Topeka. The walls of the room were almost en- 
tirely given up to this exhibit, that embraced finfe specimen portraits, land- 
scapes, drawings from the casts, and from life. Connoisseurs pronounced it 
one of the finest of collections. 

A tapestry painting, by Mrs. W. J. Balding, of Paola, represented a beau- 
tiful lady with a horn of plenty, suggestive of the land of plenty, and was a 
genuine inspiration that elicited universal praise. 

The hat rack, of bufialo horns, was an invitation to all Kansans to make 
themselves at home ; the property of Mrs. Turner, of La Cygne. 

This room also had a fine piano, the loan of Geo. P. Bent, of Chicago. 

A comfortable couch, furnished by the ladies of Hiawatha, has been the 
resting place for many noted people. 

The handsome table of oak, with its massive legs carved in oak leaves, as 
were also the corners, with the words "Jackson County, Kansas, 1492-1892," 
on the top, was a valuable piece of furniture. An easy, high-backed, cherry- 
wood chair, upholstered in red leather, lent a touch of beauty to the room. 
This was the property of the Woman's Columbian Club of Ellsworth. 

Comfortable rockers for the weary sightseers were placed here and there. 
A screen from Mrs. Lyman's art school, decorated artistically with long- 
legged cranes and water lilies. The window hung with green silk curtains, 
with overcurtains of lace netting and a drapery of China silk, cream ground, 
with a green wandering vine, finished with white tassels, gave a pleasing 
effect to the room. The window doors were shaded with lace netting. 

The floor was covered with a rich Axminster carpet, shading from a rich 
brown to an olive green, furnished by the ladies of Beloit. 

Jelly Exhibit in Horticultural Building. 

The ladies of the state formed a club, of which Mrs. J. P. Ross, of Law- 
rence, was president, for the purpose of raising funds with which to erect a 
wire model of the State University, to be placed in the Kansas state build- 
ing. It was to be filled with jelly from all parts of the state, and lighted 



58 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

from within by electric light. It was a grand idea, but a lack of funds 
and the inactivity of the legislature prevented the plan from materializing. 
However, many of the ladies had purchased the glasses at great expense, as 
they all had the name of the county ground in the glass, and did not like 
the idea of giving up the display. There being no possible chance of an ex- 
hibit of fruit until it had time to grow, the Board thought it a good plan to 
put up a dainty little pavilion in the horticultural building and fill it with 
the jellies and preserved and dried fruits. 

The following counties contributed: Butler, Linn, Ottawa, Douglas, Ne- 
maha, Brown, Wyandotte, Cloud, and Labette. Bottles of seeds were sent, 
and beautiful photos of Medicine Lodge sugar works ; also several fine sam- 
ples of sugar and sugar-cane seed. A neat pavilion filled with this display 
made an attractive exhibit,* and when it was proposed to remove it to the 
Kansas state building, the officials said: "No; that is the prettiest exibit of 
jelly in the building; we cannot let it go." 

Horticultural. 

Soon after the organization of the Board, Judge F. AVellhouse, president 
of the State Horticultural Society, was made superintendent of the fruit de- 
partment. In the month of April, Mr. Wellhouse visited Chicago, for the 
purpose of consulting with Mr. Samuels, chief of horticulture, in regard to 
filling the space previously assigned to Kansas in the horticultural building. 
This space consisted of two blocks in the north wing, of 120 square feet each 
of floor surface. We were allowed to fill these two blocks with canned goods, 
seeds, vegetables, or jellies. We had also secured a space 41 feet long and 14 
feet wide in the pomological department, which was to be filled with fruit. 

Barteldes & Co., a large seed house of Lawrence, filled one of the blocks 
with a very fine collection of seeds. The other block was filled with a splen- 
did collection of jellies made by the ladies of Kansas. These jellies attracted 
a great deal of attention and were not excelled by any on exhibition. 

Ryan & Richardson, of Leavenworth, who own the largest cold-storage 
plant in Kansas, offered space in their building free of cost in which to store 
fruit before shipping to Chicago. We gladly availed ourselves of this kind 
offer, and Mr. Wellhouse made headquarters in their building. 

Secretary Brackett then issued the following circular: 

The State Board of Managers for the World's Columbian Exposition have placed 
the state fruit exhibit in charge of the Kansas Stale Horticultural Society, under 
the superintendency of Judge F. Wellhouse, and this circular is sent to solicit your 
cooperation in the work of collecting and forwarding to him, at Leavenworth, the 
finest product of the orchards and vineyards of your county. Undoubtedly you 
fully realize the importance, at this time, of sustaining the high reputation which 
has been accorded to the state in years past, as the most favorable fruit region in the 

♦The viiciint spaces on the pyramldn In the forej^round of the Illustration of this exhibit is explained 
by the fact that many fjlasses were "lifted" by unscrupulous souvenir hunters. A constant watch had 
to be kept over many exhibits of this nature; yet, in spite of all our watchfulness, pilfering was carried 
on to an alarming extent. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 59 

West, and which has added thousands of intelligent fruit culturists to her popula- 
tion and materially increased her wealth, which has been the result of exhibiting 
her fruits in the past at home and abroad. 

The opportunity offered to exhibit the product of the resources of Kansas at the 
World's Exposition, and before the thousands of homeseekers, vastly surpasses any 
occasion heretofore presented, and should not be treated with any degree of indiffer- 
ence or neglect by any class of our citizens. 

Trusting a favorable and prompt response, I am, yours sincerely, 

G. C. Beackett, Secretary. 

About 1,000 of these were mailed to the fruit men of the state. Mr. Well- 
house then visited Johnson, Wyandotte, Franklin, Anderson, Allen, Neosho, 
Wilson, Montgomery, Chautauqua, Cowley, Butler, Greenwood, Lyon, Osage, 
Shawnee, Douglas, Leavenworth, Atchison, Doniphan, Brown, Jackson, Jef- 
ferson, Wabaunsee, Morris, Marion, Chase, Harvey, Pottawatomie, Riley, 
Geary and Dickinson counties. His purpose in going to these counties was 
to locate the fruit that would do for exhibition. The outlook was very dis- 
couraging. An abundance of grapes was found everywhere, a fair showing 
of peaches, some good pears in a few localities, but the great staple fruit of 
our state, the apple, was woefully scarce ; some good samples, however, were 
found in the northeastern part of the state. 

Mr. Wellhouse notified all parties that he desired to ship to Chicago the 
last of August, and extra efforts were made to get everything in readiness by 
that time. The last three days of August, Secretary Brackett and Wm. Cut- 
ter went to Leavenworth and helped to sort, pack and label the varieties, and 
when through they had 25 barrels of apples, 25 boxes of apples, pears, 
peaches, and grapes, and 70 baskets of grapes and peaches. These were 
shipped in refrigerator cars on September 1st, and arrived in Chicago the 
next day, but we could not get them over to the fair grounds until the 8th, 
just one week after shipping. After that, all our shipments were made by 
express, and arrived on time and in good condition. 

Wm. Cutter went to Chicago, and helped open up the fruits and put them 
on the tables; he spent about two weeks at this work, and bore his own ex- 
penses to and from Chicago and while there. Secretary Brackett and ex-Pres. 
G. Y. Johnson came over before the work was completed and helped finish it 
up; they each spent about one week helping, without pay. Two exhibits 
were made, one in the Kansas building, the other in the horticultural build- 
ing. That in the horticultural building was entered for competition, and 
consisted of 539 plates of apples, 40 of pears, 105 of grapes, and 36 of 
peaches, embracing the following varieties : 

Apples — McA.fee, Kansas Keeper, Sweet Pippin, Michael Henry Pippin, Bachelor 
Blush, Golden Beauty, Fink, Langford Seedling, Pewaukee, Pryor's Red, Tewksberry, 
Porter, Dominie, Lansing'berg, Fallawater, Melon, Detroit Red, Roman Stem, Early 
Strawberry, Baldwin, White Winter Pearmain, American Summer, Jonathan, Flora, 
BelMower, Cooper's Early, Missouri Pippin, Crammer Pearmain, Benoni, Grimes's 
Golden, Holton, Willow Twig, Maiden's Blush, Gilpin, Stark, Ben Davis, Woodbridge, 
Alexander, Chenango, Clyde Beauty, Roxbury Russet, Pennock, Rome Beauty, 



60 • Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Huntsman, St. Lawrence, Rambo, Yellow Bellflower, Pound Sweet, Hubbardston^ 
Rhode Island Greening, Oldenburg, Early Pennock, Smokehouse, American Golden 
Russet, Smith's Cider, ^Vagner, Schemmerhorn, Fameuse, Tompkins King, Trenton 
Early, Autumn Swaar, Twenty Ounce, Vandevere, Bailey's Sweet, Gloria Mund , Jef- 
feris, Sanlard, Hoops, Swaar, Kaighn's Spitzenberg, May, Buckingham, Stannard, 
Cole Quince, Wine, Mother, White Pippin, Lowell, Winesap, Wealthy, Westfield 
Seek-no-further, Newtown Pippin, Northern Spy, Bonum. Soulard, Transcendent^ 
Hyslop, Wild Crab, Marengo. 

Pears. — Kieflfer, Bartlett, Angouleme, Howell, Benfield, Buffum, Clairgeau, Vicar, 
Flemish Beauty, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Seckel, Sheldon, Anjou, Le Conte, Mikado, 
Unknown. 

Peaches. — Elberte, Heath Free, President Fairchild, Stump the World, Snow, Old 
Mixon Cling, Old Mixon Free, Morris White, Ward's Late, Hoppin's Free, Newing- 
ton Cling, Smock, Large Serrate York, William's Favorite, Early York. 

Plums. — Bluemont, Miner. 

Grapes. — Moyer, Eaton, Faith, Carman, Cambridge, Whitehall, Irving, Merrimac, 
Ives, Josselyn's No. 10, Dracut Amber, Lady Washington, Massasoit, Conqueror, 
Luta, Green Mountain, Josselyn's No. 7, Iowa Excelsior, Wilder, Jessica, Eumelan, 
Eldorado, Cottage, Centennial, Brant, Barry, Bacchus, Amber Queen, W^orden, lona. 
Beauty, Goethe, Herbert, Hayes, Hartford, Beagle, Bell, Brilliant, Blood, Eva, Creve- 
ling. Early Victor, Duchess, Telegraph, Niagara, Naomi, Moore's Diamond, Maxa- 
tawney. Van Deman, Golden Coin, Martha, Marion, Lindley, Lenoir, Lady, Wyoming 
Red, Humboldt, Doaniana, Prentiss, Poughkeepsie, New Haven, Perkins, Red Eagle, 
Ruby, Rommel, Pearl, Norton's Virginia, Noah, Concord, Missouri Reisling, Agawam, 
Delaware, Elvira. 

The following is a list of contributors: 

Jackson county, through J. W. Williams: J. W. Williams, Dan. Miller, Mr. Stark, 

A. Peace, John Bottom, Wm. Rings, Mr. Shields, J. F. Pomroy, John Carpenter, L. 
Stephenson, Mr. Copeland, H. Tucker, J. Finley, John Dixon, Jacob Hixon, and W. 

B. Talbert. Through F. W. Dixon: J. H. Johnson, Geo. Hover, J. W. Odin, C. C. 
Hart, John Shrup, Henry Hand, J. Dykeman, W. L. Stackhouse, P. Gruver, Jacob 
Kern, jr., E. N. Ball, C. R. Fleming, J. S. Daud, A. J. Beamer, C. E. Fames. 

Brown county, through F. W. Dixon: John A. Davidson, John Whichie, John Mc- 
Coy, F. S. Dixon, Henry Isley, W. W. Fish, L. Gilmore, Jacob Shaner, L. V. Paston, 
W. D. Frazey. 

Leavenworth county, through E. J. Holman: Henry Irwin, Thos. Jameson, Wm, 
Prather, Harry Wood, T. Trackwell, Jos. Thiebaut, Chas. Ott, G. W. Seymour, Chris. 
Rodenburg, Fred. Thies, Wm. Conway, Henry Ode, J. C. Baird, C. C. Myers, J. F. Tay- 
lor, O. Markham, Mrs. L. L. Terwilliger, E. J. Holman, Wheat &, Wellhouse. 

Jefferson county, through H. R. Roberts: W. B. Rose, P. Hackett, Harry Lopp, 
Thos. White, H. Bettys, D. Vilas, Mrs. Sprote, H. Raines, L. Fisher, Mrs. Byers, Carl 
Richster, John Saylor, Jesse Britton, B. Bradford, Milton Jones, Geo. Klinger, M. H. 
Smith, Jack Bryant, Jasper W^ilson, R. D. Vermillion, Jesse Kirkham, Mr. David, 
Mrs. Reason, M. Gray, M. B. Corle, R. Myers, T. White, Jos. White, T. Fitzpatrick, 
R. M. McClure. 

Douglas county, through Samuel Reynolds and B. F. Smith: John Scott, Thad. 
Whedon, Chas. Gaumer, John Brown. B. F. Smith, Wm. Duncan, Henry Fiehler, Julia 
Fiehler, M. Merchant, Mrs. L, Hays, Job Robinson, John Jenkins, Lewis Tucker, Chas. 
Hale, W. R. Hale, James Hale, Henry Copp, W^m. Kennedy, Mrs. M. Perkins, John 
Moody, John Suiter, Wm. Hughs, sr., Wm. Hughs, jr., A. H. Griesa, Jas. Kane, P. Voor- 
hees, L. Van Voorhis, H. Winney, Samuel Reynolds, W. H. Laptad, J. W. Hendry, W. 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 61 

Howard, John Gilman, Henry Schlagel, P. Carter, S. J. Sherry, John Garvin, H. S. 
Fillmore, Thos. McFarland, John Wilson, W. R. Finney, Mrs. M. Armstrong, P. P. 
Phillips, H. S. Smith, S. E. Osborn, C. L. Pease, E. A. Holloway, Frank E. Wheeler, 
J. C. Bare, Wm. Jordan, Clark Reynolds, E. W. Flory, W. R. Williams, Mrs. M. Moaks, 
Jas. Russell, J. F. Williams, John Irwin, Jasper Wilson, T. R. Bayne, J. P. Kinkle, 
Dr. A. Newman, Howard Roberts. 

Shawnee county, through W. T. Jackson: S. E. Grimes, J. W. Rugel, J. A. Baxter, 
J. G. Clark, F. M. Stahl, W. D. Mendenhall, Nathan Brobst, A. C. Buckman, Thos. 
Buckman, John Sims, Mr. Holloway. Through J. F. Cecil: J. Browning, Mrs. P. J. 
Gilman, J. Bridgeman, J. M. Priddy, B. F. Van Orsdal, Geo. Asherman, B. F. Van 
Horn, A. Gordon, P. Duffy, J. Weiss & Co., C. Hanrahan, Robt. Jackson, John Hower- 
ton, Chas. Howerton, Martin Hess, John Allen, J. T. Short, Wm. Bond, E. T. James, 
J. H. Badger. 

The State Agricultural College sent 80 varieties of grapes, which furnished 
the foundation of our grape exhibit. A. P. Collins, of Saline county, fur- 
nished a nice lot of fruit, which was contributed chiefly by Thomas Anderson, 
Frank Barker, A. W. Jones, Thomas White, J. A. Banker, and A. P. Collins. 
We regret to say that this is not a full list of the contributors ; we were not 
able to get the names of all the persons who aided us. 

The space in horticultural building was occupied by six receding elevated 
shelves on each side of the aisle, 41 feet in length. 

The fair association furnished plates. The tables in Kansas building 
were neatly made of hard wood and varnished, 6 feet long and 2i feet wide. 
They were filled, 18 in number, with fruit, duplicating that in the horticul- 
tural building, but not entered in the competitive list. After both of these 
displays were put upon the tables, we had nine barrels of apples and a few 
pears and grapes left as a reserve. About this time, John Armstrong, of To- 
peaka, collected two barrels of the finest fruit, paid the express charges and 
brought them to the fair. About the same time several packages came in, 
so that we were in condition to weed out all the defective and decayed speci- 
mens and replace them with good fruit. This we did every day from the time 
the fruit was put upon the tables until the close of the fair. Our peaches 
were in bad condition when put on exhibition, and in less than a week we 
had to remove them and fill their places with apples. The grapes lasted 
longer, but they, too, had soon to be removed and the space filled with apples 
also, so that by the first of October we were showing little else than apples ; 
but these were improving constantly. John Curry sent four barrels of splen- 
did winter warieties, well colored, which would have been considered fine any 
year. H. K. Roberts sent us three barrels equally as fine. These two collec- 
tions carried us through until the close of the fair and enabled us to improve 
our display every day. 

The immense crowds of people created so much dust that, in order to keep 
our fruit in presentable shape, it was necessary to rub and clean the fruit, 
plates and tables each day. 

It was intended to show by counties, but there was so much sorting and 
resorting to do that this was found impracticable. We also intended to put 



62 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

the fruit grower's or owner's name on each plate, but for the same reason this 
could not be done. 

We received from different persons plates of fruit as follows: 

Wm. and J. H. Cutter, 1,140 plates; Reynolds & Smith, 998; Geo. Richardson, 628; 
E. J. Holman, 410; J. E. Campbell, 310: H. R. Roberts, 830; Mr. Ross, 170; F. W. 
Dixon, 580; J. W. Williams, 320; J. F. Cecil, 568; W. T. Jackson, 610; John Arm- 
strong, 180; State Agricultural College, 82 (all grapes); Coffey county, 162; Wabaun- 
see county, 82; Pottawatomie county, 73; Morris county, 54; Saline county, 282; 
Marion county, 36. 

The mode of awarding premiums in the pomological department was as 
follows: 10 points were established — dessert, kitchen, market, size, color, 
uniformity, freedom from insects, freedom from other blemishes, handling, 
perpetuation — so that when a plate of fruit was perfect it counted 100, or 10 
for each point. When the fruit was put on the tables and the entries made, 
the judges examined it and established its grade in all the points named, ex- 
cept perpetuation, and they then inspected it daily to see whether this stand- 
ard was maintained. 

At the close of the fair, the grade for perpetuation was established, and 
the final grade of each display summed up, and each one got an award com- 
mensurate with its merits. 

Our competitors were: Arkansas, Nebraska, Oregon, Colorado, Missouri, 
Washington, Montana, New Mexico, Idaho, Canada, Wisconsin, Kentucky, 
California, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, New York, and New Jersey. 

The Board acknowledges with gratitude the services of Hon. Fred. Well- 
house. His untiring energy, in the face of many difficulties, enabled Kansas 
to be splendidly represented, for an "off year," and resulted in securing the 
awards as noted elsewhere in this report. 

Kansas Pavilion in the Agricultural Building. 

This structure was built near the middle of the south side of the agricul- 
tural building, and separated from the machinery annex by the packing-house 
exhibits. Our neighbors were, on the north, North Dakota; east, California 
and Mississippi; on the south were the packing-house exhibits of Armour, 
Cudahy, North, and Swift, with New Hampshire on the west. The space 
assigned Kansas extended east and west 88 feet, north and south 32 feet. 
Upon the space was built a raised platform, six inches high. This kind of a 
platform was required of all exhibitors. 

H. H. Kern, a member of the Board, had entire charge of the design, con- 
struction and decoration of the pavilion, and the installation of its exhibits, 
except that of threshed grain, the preparation and arrangement of which was 
in charge of A. P. Collins, a member of the Board. The pavilion was 28 feet 
wide and 82 feet long, the wall 14 feet high. The comers of the pavilion 
were elevated three feet above the general level, thus giving them a castel- 
lated appearance. Each side and end of the pavilion wall had a terraced 



Report of the Board of Managers. 63 

elevation of six feet. The thickness of the wall, with window decorations, 
was 15 inches. In each end were two windows. On each side there were 
eight arched windows, four feet wide and six feet high. The spaces between 
the openings were covered with lattice work of stripped barley, wheat, and 
grasses. The arched doorwaya, 8x10 feet, four in number, through which the 
visitor entered the pavilion from any of the four cardinal points, were mas- 
sive pieces of work ; magnificent columns surmounted with archways of solid 
grain decorations, wrought in every conceivable design which the ingenuity 
and skill of the artist could devise. Every design had a meaning, and 
greater than words could portray, for visitors saw in the attractive and novel 
figures Kansas and her rich grains. The bases of these columns had the ap- 
pearance of solid grain incased in glass, each one different from the other in 
the kind of grain. The choicest samples of wheat, barley, oats and corn were 
used; corn in alternate layers of red, white, and yellow, which, in quality and 
arrangement, was the admiration of thousands of people. 

The decorations of the pavilions of the different states and countries, all 
competing for supremacy in the display of agricultural products, taxed to 
the utmost the skill of the rival exhibitors. When we consider that each 
wrought upon a plan of his own selection, and in a manner to his own taste, 
and conscious that upon his work rested his chances for the admiration of 
the multitudes that thronged the building, we can realize some of the impor- 
tance attached to decorations. 

While the presentation to the appointed judges of agricultural products 
of rare merit, that awards might be secured, was an item of importance and 
state pride, it must be borne in mind that the presentation of the productions 
of the state to the tens of thousands of uncommissioned judges, whose award 
determined the location of their future home, transcended in importance to 
the state all medals and diplomas. When we consider that many of these 
last awards were influenced by the judges being first delighted and interested 
with beautiful surroundings, we can appreciate the importance of decorations 
that will compass this purpose. 

The walls of the pavilion were built of common pine lumber,, and covered 
from the base of the windows to the top, inside and outside, with red cloth. 
This made an excellent background, and showed to good advantage the grain 
decorations placed upon the walls. On the ends of the pavilion, the outer 
walls, from the base of the windows to the top, and including the door col- 
umns to the floor, were nearly covered with corn in the ear — red, yellow and 
white field corn — and the same colors in pop corn were used over each door- 
way, and extending one-third the width of the pavilion was a beautiful panel 
wrought in corn of different colors, inclosing the word "Kansas"; these 
letters being made of transverse sections of red pop corn. Below the word 
" Kansas," and extending to the top of the arched doorway, and on either 
side above the windows, was one solid mass of ear corn in panels. Inclosed 
in beautiful borders of corn (see plate), on the east end above the panel 
containing the word "Kansas," was the inscription, " Corn Crop of 1892, 



64 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

138,658,621 Bushels." No artist's brush on canvas could have presented a 
scene more beautiful and appropriate for the place than that on this end of 
the pavilion in corn of different colors. Had this work been done with 
paint and brush, it would not have been admired as more beautiful or a greater 
credit to the artist and designer. The work all being carried out with ear corn, 
with an exactness of detail that would baffle the skill of the artist, the reader 
can imagine why it was that thousands of people daily halted in the aisle to 
admire before entering the pavilion. There are but few people who are so 
absorbed in the practical that they cannot admire the beautiful, yet, con- 
templating the possibility of there being such a person, our decorator had a 
line in readiness for him. Much of the fringing of the decoration was made 
by cutting ears of corn in cross sections about three-fourths of an inch long. 
For this, careful selections of corn were made, taking only very large ears 
and those having remarkably long grains. These sections had the appear- 
ance of sunflowers, and seemed appropriate for the sunflower state. 

The description thus far given is a general outline of the decoration on 
the east end of the pavilion. The outside of the west end was practically a 
duplicate of the end just described, only that the decorations in corn were 
diflerent in almost every detail. The statistics of corn were given on the 
east, and the statistics of wheat on the west. In covering the surface of the 
end of the pavilion with ear corn, different designs were introduced; the dif- 
ferent colors of corn were interchanged, with pleasing effect. The decorations 
on the sides were like those on the ends in this, that the surface was nearly 
covered with corn, and contained the word " Kansas " in beautiful letters of 
corn over the doorway, yet different from those of the ends in that the design 
was changed, though not less effective. 

The effect of a change of design in the decorations that surrounded each 
entrance was of no small importance. As the visitor passed around the 
pavilion to view its outer decorations, no sense of monotony came to him, but, 
instead, an increased feeling of admiration impressed him as he stood before 
each successive doorway. The space between the doorways and the windows 
was covered with lattice work of grain. On either side, between the corners 
and the side projections and over the end windows, was a cornice projection 
of eight inches. This cornice was decorated with rosettes and stars, made 
from heads of wheat and grasses, placed on triangular spaces, outlined with 
bunches of wheat straw. Above each window was a series of fringes, made 
of heads of grain and grasses, having the appearance of folding curtains 
overhanging each other, and suspended by an artificial sunflower placed next 
to the cornice. Between each of these, and suspended from panels above, 
were decorative designs, made of different threshed grains, as shown in the 
plates of the pavilion. Between the arches of the windows were stars, made 
of heads of grain and grasses. 

The reader now has a general outline of the construction and outside wall 
decorations of the pavilion, only that no pen picture can do justice to the 
work, or inspire the enthusiasm called forth by the rejility in Jackson park. 




XXXI. — South Wall, Woman's Department— Kansas Building. 

(Page 43.) 






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Report of the Board of Managers. ^b 

Passing through the doorway between massive columns, having the appear- 
ance of solid masses of grain, and arched overhead with a solid corn dec- 
oration, it was a physical reminder that the visitor was at least entering a 
land of corn, if not of wine. The walls of either of the doorways were two 
feet in thickness. The marked feature of the inside wall decoration was a 
frieze of handsomely-adorned bunches of grain and grass, so arranged as to 
form a continuous series of perpendicularly-bisected, diamond- shaped figures, 
3? feet wide. In no case did this frieze fail to call forth words of praise 
from the admiring thousands that thronged the pavilion. (See plate.) This 
filled the space from the top of the windows to the top of the wall ; that on 
the ends was made of timothy ; that on the sides, of wheat. The space be- 
tween the arched windows, and extending upward to the frieze, was filled by 
small bunches of grain and grass, placed in fan shape. Some of these fan 
decorations were made of rye, others of oats, orchard grass, blue grass, meadow 
oat grass, flax, sorghum, Kaffir-corn and broom-corn heads. The castellated 
corners were adorned on the sides and on top with stately sheaves of grain, 
beautifully trimmed with ribbons. The terraced elevations supported similar 
sheaves of grain. Placed in a variety of positions beneath these were stars 
made of sorghum heads. Below these, and on each of the four elevations, 
was the word "Kansas," made by fastening dried flowers of various bright 
colors to wire letter frames. 

The 20 windows of the pavilion were 20 objects of interest, eliciting the 
admiration and calling out the compliments of the thousands of visitors. 
Six of the windows were solidly decorated with ear corn ; 14 were decorated 
with grains and grasses. In no two of the windows were the decorations alike 
in pattern, yet a perfect system was observed throughout. All of the win- 
dow decorations were put on solid. The constant change in the decorations, 
where uniformity might have been expected, prevented the multitude of ob- 
jects from wearying the visitor, by exciting new interest at every turn. The 
system followed throughout bound all together as so many different objects 
constituting one vast collection of exhibits. The wall decorations, inside and 
out, represented all the grain and grass products of the state. They were 
prepared with great care, and made from choicest specimens. 

In the center of the pavilion stood a pyramid, on either side of which 
were open spaces to the doorway. Here were two center partitions, covered 
with bright cloth as a background for the exhibits. The number of exhibits, 
the names of exhibitors and the awards appear in another place. No dupli- 
cates of exhibits were shown. To each exhibit was attached a card giving 
name and address of exhibitor, date of planting, seed per acre, cultivation, 
date of harvest, yield, weight, market price, temperature, and rainfall. In 
each corner of the pavilion, and in each angle made by the projections, was 
placed one or more exhibits of oats or wheat. The exhibits of grain in straw 
and grasses were securely tied in place with ribbons. The sheaves were from 
three to eight inches in diameter. 
—5 



6(y Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

The south side of the east. partition was covered with grains, as follows: 
Commencing in the center with a remarkably tall sheaf of wheat, on the right 
of this a sheaf of rye less in height, on the left a sheaf of wheat not quite 
so tall as the first, and thus were they put up until the edges of the partition 
were reached — wheat on the left, rye on the right, each successive addition 
being less in height, the ends of these sheaves rested on the floor, the tops 
forming a curve. A similar circle of exhibits was made above this one, oats 
in the sheaf taking the place of the rye in the one just described. The ends 
of the second course made the same curve as the heads of the first, and were 
six inches above them. Then a third course was made out of tame grasses. 
At either end stood a bundle of broom corn 12 feet high ; on either side of 
these magnificent specimens of millet, one from Marshall county that stood 
eight feet high. On the north side of this same partition was exhibited corn 
on the stalk in the same manner, by commencing in the center with the tallest 
stalks, the tops of the corn describing a curved line, the ends resting on the 
floor ; on the west side of the stalk corn were suspended mammoth ears of corn, 
commencing at the top, four side by side, and so on till the floor was reached. 

On the east edge, beside the corn, were two sheaves of German millet. 
The husks of the corn were half laid back, so as to show the size of the ears. 
The taller stalks were 16 i feet high, and the ears were of remarkable length 
and size, thus making an exhibit of its kind unsurpassed by any other in the 
building. Above the corn was a course of sheaves of oats and wheat, the 
base of the sheaves making the same curve as the top of the stalk corn, and 
about six inches above. The top of the sheaves reached to the top of the 
partition, describing an arc of greater curvature than that of the base, by 
selecting the taller sheaves for the center. The effect of this arrangement of 
grains on either side of the partition was fine. The trimming of the sheaves 
of grain with ribbon made them beautiful in themselves; the curved lines 
in which they were exhibited, seemingly made necessary by the different 
lengths, added to the effect. Then, above all, the wonderful size of the sam- 
ples, the great length of some of the straw, indicated that such things were 
not scarce in Kansas. Then the arrangement, that enabled all to be seen at 
a glance, created an idea of vastness in the mind of the observer that rarely 
failed to call forth the expression, "What a wonderful grain state you have." 
On the south side of the west partition the exhibits were bundles of corn on 
the stalk, placed side by side, the tallest in the center, the bases of the corn- 
stalks terminating on a line three feet above the floor. On either side of the 
stalk corn was a fringe of ear corn, made by suspending four ears side by side, 
with four others immediately below, and thus to the floor. Above the stalk 
corn, in circular line, were hung bunches of sheaves, six in a place. No small 
ears were selected for this border. At the foot of this stalk corn, and reaching 
to it, was a table in length equal to the partition and 2] feet wide, the top a 
slightly inclined plane, covered with 11 half-bushel samples of ear corn, five 
white and six yellow. It was Johnson county's best, and needs no other com- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 67 

ment. The decoration of this side of the partition constituted a beautifully- 
wrought panel of corn ; it was near the most frequented entrance, and fronting 
the office; an excellent place to introduce to Kansas our guests from states 
that believed they could raise corn. This we were pleased to do in an un- 
ostentatious manner. If they thought this panel only equal to the best 
their own state could produce, they were often conducted in an easy manner 
to the stalk corn on the north side of the east partition, which in quality was 
greatly superior to that last mentioned, and there were they allowed to draw 
their own conclusions. 

On the north side of the west partition, 24 bundles of sorghum cane from 
the Agricultural College, at Manhattan, were seen; each bundle represented a 
different variety. The arrangements followed that of the other partition ex- 
hibits ; the taller bunches were placed in the center and spaced so as to consti- 
tute the first course, the ends resting on the floor, the tops describing an arc 
of a circle. Small bunches of red Kaffir corn were placed between each 
bundle of cane. The marked difference in appearance between the bunches, 
and the fact that these canes were non- saccharine in character, created much 
interest. And when we note that they were grown in Kansas, in 1892, from 
India seed raised in 1891, and the growth was greater the first year than in 
their native land, it was considered evidence conclusive of Kansas' ability to 
raise cane. Above this sorghum exhibit was placed, in circular form, an ex- 
hibit of the wild grasses of the state, the taller ones in the center, and reach- 
ing to the top of the partition. The west edge of this center piece was 
adorned with a stately bundle of broom corn, reaching from the floor to the 
top; by the side of this broom corn, and about seven feet high, some one, to 
us unknown, tacked up apiece of cardboard, on which was printed: "Farm- 
ers are Welcome to Free Desks and Writing Material in the Stock Pavilion." 
The three first words were in large type, and the others in small type. In the 
hurry incident to making the best use of the time, very few people read more 
than the first three words, and kindly accepted it as our invitation to visit 
our exhibits ; and of course they were welcome. We did not remove the sign. 

In the center of the pavilion stood a handsome, octagonal-shaped pyra- 
mid, 18 feet in height and 10 feet in diameter, with 20 receding, polished 
shelves. On these shelves, extending around the pyramid, were placed 
glass jars containing wheat, oats, shelled corn, rye, barley, buckwheat, clover 
timothy, and millet seed. They contained the best of each kind that 
could be found ; their merits were relied upon to command for our state an 
honorable place in the family of agricultural commonweaths. Confidence 
was felt in the result. To say that this confidence excited just a little pride 
in the sitii'^tion, is not an overdrawn statement. Each jar bore a label, giv- 
ing the commercial name of the exhibit, name and address of the grower, 
the yield per acre, and the test weight. Each sample was carefully tested be- 
fore being placed on exhibition. Most of the wheat ranged in weight from 
63 to 65 pounds per bushel. No oats were placed on exhibition that would 
not test 35 pounds ; some tested 42 pounds ; of course, the corn that was 



68 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

shelled and put in the jars was selected; Kansas never had occasion to blush 
on account of its quality, but rather enjoyed the compliments passed upon it 
by our guests. Each sample was given an award. These jars "stood up for 
Kansas" nobly, and were placed to the best possible advantage, color and ar- 
rangement being taken into consideration. All the desirable samples of 
wheat received by the Board, when the necessary statistics could be had, were 
exhibited. 

Many a Kansan viewed those shelves of grain to read the labels on his 
neighbor's wheat, and regret that he himself had not supplied an exhibit. 
Above the shelves were eight upright rows of corn, alternating in color, while 
. crowning all was a tall glass jar filled with golden corn. 

Midway between the center and north wall stood a table on which was ex- 
hibited 20 samples of ear corn; and opposite this was a table 5 feet wide 
and 16 feet long on which was displayed vegetables, of which the onion ei - 
hibit was especially excellent, containing over 100 plates, and representing 
75 varieties. To the State Agricultural College, at Manhattan, is due much 
of the credit for this display of onions, which, we believe, was surpassed in 
quality and number of varieties by no other exhibit; it received a richly- 
merited award. 

In the southwest corner of the pavilion was the office. It was found 
necessary to have some place where some one could be found to give infor- 
mation to the inquiring public. This position was filled most of the season by 
A. P. Collins, a member of the Board. He was relieved at times by Senator 
King, ex-Governor Glick, and, during the month of October, was assisted by 
Professor Hay, of Junction City. The exhibit and decorations were made 
from the crop of 1892. When the crop of 1893 was nearing maturity, it was 
decided to introduce in this place samples from the new crop. Accordingly, 
choice specimens were secured from many localities in the state. These com- 
prised many of the very choicest in the pavilion. They consisted of rye, 
wheat, oats, millet, timothy, alfalfa, blue grass, orchard grass, in the straw ; 
also, stalk corn. Each was marked with a card, "Crop of 1893," in ad- 
dition to a tag showing the history of the sample. As all of our space for 
exhibits on walls and tables was filled, the samples for 1893 were placed in a 
line, commencing in front of the office and extending along the south wall of 
the pavilion. This arrangement gave to our exhibit an appearance of being 
complete, with this line of magnificent specimens left over, and when a visitor 
saw the card "Crop of 1893" attached, the mystery deepened, and many 
would turn to the person in charge, with astonishment, and say, "I thought 
you had a drought in Kansas?" "We always have a drought in Kansas; 
this is the size the stuff grows when we have a drought." The next question 
usually was, "How large do these things grow when it rains?" 

During the latter part of the fair a very pleasant but earnest rivalry 
sprang up between the different exhibitors in the agricultural building, 
which resulted in almost daily additions to the exhibits. These additional 
exhibits, and especially ear corn, became the center of attraction among vis- 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 69 

itors. The quality of the exhibits can be inferred when the Board was per- 
mitted to make entries of them for award, and Kansas did not fail of an 
award in any one of such entries. Many amusing incidents might be re- 
ated in connection with this pavilion during the summer, but a line must 
be drawn somewhere, and this description will close by introducing a few 
quotations of remarks made to the management showing their opinion of 
the work of Kansas: 

Kansas Man: "This makes me feel prond of my state." 

Commissioner from Oregon: "I think Kansas made for the money she had the 
best showing in the agricultural building." 

California Man: "I want to compliment you Kansas people on your fine dis- 
play; I have seen nothing like it." 

New York Man: "No other spot on earth could produce such products." 
Rev. Henry (of California, taking notes for a lecture tour): "This is the finest 
thing we have found; it is grand." 

Illinois Man: "I have seen all the agricultural exhibits, and you have certainly 
got the best." 

North Carolina Man: "It is the finest grain display I have seen." 
Massachusetts Man: "Did they really all grow in one year? " 
Minnesota Man: "Kansas is strictly in it, with no superiors and few rivals." 
Michigan Man: "You must have a very fertile state to produce such products." 
Idaho Man: "This is the most wonderful exhibit I ever saw in my life." 
Maryland Man (correspondent Baltimore Sun): "They can't beat you anywhere 
in cereals." 

Alabam.a Man: "Kansas takes the cake." 

Ohio Man: "I have been through this building, and you have the finest exhibit 
in it." 

New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, Man: " This is the finest exhibit I have seen 
in the building. It is wonderful." 

Pennsylvania Man (judge of the federal court): "I congratulate you on your 
exhibit. It illustrates the richness of your soil, and its arrangement the fertility of 
brain." 

New Jersey Man: "This beats everything else in this building." 
Missouri Man: "You have an excellent exhibit. We had three times the money 
you had, but you beat us all out." 

Commissioner from France: "You have a very interesting exhibit." 
Michigan Man: "Kansas is repeating the work she did at the Centennial, leading 
everything." 

Iowa Man: "This beats everything but Iowa, and theirs is no better." 
Illinois Man: "I feel that I cannot compliment you too highly on your exhibit. 
I must vote for Kansas the first place." 

Massachusetts Man: "We give Kansas the cake; in exhibit and artistic design 
they do n't come near you." 

Texas Man: "Your agricultural exhibit is the most beautiful thing I ever saw in 
that line." 

Wisconsin Man: "Kansas, I say good for you; I never before thought so hand- 
some a place could be made of grain." 

Rhode Island Man: "Without any reserve, I say you have the finest exhibit on 
the grounds." 

Indiana Man: "You have a wonderful exhibit. It is beautiful as well as excel- 
lent." 



70 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Nebraska Man: "Wo are neighbors, bat we must give you the praise of beating 
us." 

Pen)isylvan\a Man: "I hav« taken pleasure in examining your products. You 
are far in advance of your Philadelphia exhibit in 1876." 

Virginia Man: "Splendid! If a farmer in our state should see this, he would 
either commit suicide or move to Kansas." 

Tennessee Man: "You have the most complete and beautiful exhibit I have seen 
on the grounds." 

Ex-United States Senator B. W. Perkins: "Kansas shows up well; none of them 
look better." 

Topeka, Kas., Lady: "This will do; I think I will tie a blue ribbon on this ex- 
hibit." 

Mexican Man: "Kansas is the finest country here." 

Oklahoma Man: "I thought we had the best country in the world, but this looks 
as though we would have to take it back." 

Washington, D. C, Lady: "In every field and department we go, Kansas leads 
them all." 

Mr. McBride (late Kansas insurance commissioner): "I am delighted with this 
exhibit." 

Canada Man: "We have felt that our exhibit led all else, but since we have seen 
yours, we think you beat us." 

Kentucky Man: "Kansas always manages to get to the front at the fair." 

Ex-Governor Pelham, of Maine: "You have a beautiful exhibit; it does great 
credit to your state." 

New York Lady and Husband: "My husband is an architect by trade. We have 
examined your exhibit carefully and we agree that it is the handsomest agricultural 
exhibit we ever saw." 

Indiana Man: "Well, I expected to see Kansas make a good agricultural exhibit, 
but I did not expect to see you clean all the boys up in this style." 

New York Man: "Most wonderful! there is nothing like it; your designer had 
great skill." 

The following is a list of Kansas entries for competition in the agricultural 
building: 

Nos. 1 to 31, Wheat. — Gotlieb Adam, Marysville; A. Anderson, Marysville; P. E. 
Butler, Glasoo; S. H. Cramer, Ottawa; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Frank Belong, Belle- 
ville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; G. B. Donmyer, New Cambria; W. W. Eddie, Marys- 
ville; J. K. Edwards, Phillipsburg; J. D. Foster, Washington; B. D. French, Concordia; 
J. H. Fritz, Riley; Thos. Gillespie, Salina; H. W. Hoflfraan, Salina; H. A. Huston, 
Junction City; J. L. Johnson, Marysville; L. Landon, Russell; W^. S. Lower, Holton; 
John Lazelier, Linn; A. C. Rait, Junction City; Wm. Bundle, Clay Centre; A. Shrieve, 
Wamego; W. H. Smith, Topeka; J. H. Sayles, Norcatur; S. B. Wilson, Clay Centre; 
Cyrus Wray, Salina; S. T. Collins, Belleville; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; D. C. Bowersox, 
Belleville; W. A. Gordon, Abilene. 

Nos. 32 to 75, Wheat in Straw. — Fred. Auble, Medicine Lodge; E. Baxter, Wood- 
land; George Binder, Waterville; J. 0. Butler, Topeka; S. Clinents, Grantville; B. F. 
Dawson, Topeka; S. Elmore, Topeka; G. Frisbie, Grantville; E. A. Goodall, Topeka; 
J. F. Goodwin, Menoken; J. P. Hall, Medicine Lodge; F. Ham, Grantville; W. J. Ham, 
Grantville; E. Hinney, Ames; Mrs. Hutchinson, Silver Lake; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; 
C. O. Kriepe, Tecumseh; G. F. Lundstrom, McPherson; R. J. McAtee, Hiawatha; 
James McHenry, Grantville; Wm. McHenry, Grantville; August Neck, Emporia; L. 
H. Pounds, Topeka; J. B. Reed, Tecumseh; Jacob Roler, Menoken; E. E. Ross, Men- 
oken; T. S. Runyan, Medicine Lodge; J. Rush, Menoken; M. P. Simpson, McPher- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 71 

son; J. Smelser, Menoken; Fred. Sommers, Concordia; Harvey Stone, Medicine 
Lodge; C, W. Stover, Topeka; G. Underwood, Grantville; Joseph Webber, Osborne, 
Orville Webber, Pellerville; I. P. Winslow, Padonia; J. D. Ziler, Hiawatha; J. F. 
Greene, Lawrence; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; John Kern, Bonner Springs; J. P. Car- 
ter, Solomon City; Frank McConnel, Salina; A. P. Collins, Salina. 

Nos. 76 to 115, Corn. — A. P. Collins, Salina; T. A. Cullinan, Junction City; A. Det- 
lor, Topeka; J. F. Eamheart, Howard; John Fulcomer, Belleville; B. J. Hammett, 
Schroyer; C. A. Hammett, Schroyer; L.Hammond, Scandia; James Irvin, Gardner; 
Wm. Johnson, Gardner; A. E. Jones, Topeka; E. G. Koder, Manhattan; James Price, 
Morganville; Charles Reed, Prairie Centre; Thomas Rodgers, Prairie Centre; S. 
Severy, Reading; D. W. Stanley, Holton; J. F. Streeter, Junction City; F. G. Wal- 
ton, Florence; Isaac Wilmer, Parsons; B. L. Wilson, Salina; S. Wolf, Ottawa. 

Ear Corn. — W. E. Snyder, Hiawatha; P. K. Fisher, Morrill; Adam Rankin, 11 
samples, 5 white, 6 yellow, Olathe; F. E. Myers, Whiting; G. W. Stevenson, Sabetha; 
F. Lemley, Hiawatha; Adam Rankin, Olathe. 

Shelled Corn. — E. V. Sayers, Ottawa; James McFarland, Ottawa; C. F. Wolf, Ot- 
tawa; J. C. Currey, Prairie Centre. 

Corn on Stalk. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; J. H. Jones, 
Troy; Adam Rankin, 5 samples yellow and 5 white, Olathe; S. Severy, Reading. 

Kaffir Corn. — Joel A. Stratton, Reading. 

Sweet Corn. — -F. Lemley, Hiawatha. 

Nos. 116 to 133, Oats — Thomas Anderson, Salina; N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; 
H. H. Collins, Belleville; N. L Dalton, Topeka; F. Fry, Salina; Chas. Hatje, Glasco; 
H. W. Hoffman, Salina; J. R. Knox, Manhattan; Wm. Kossow, Maysville; L. Lan- 
don, Russell; W. S. Lower, Holton; Dick Myers, Riley; W. P. Peak, Belleville; A. C. 
Rait, Junction City; James Sullivan, Salina; W. G. Swift, Clay Centre; J. E. Van- 
natta, Belleville; Erich Wiberg, Clay Centre. 

Nos. 134 to 144, Oats in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; Buchee Bros., Mc- 
Pherson; J. Cowgill, McPherson; Otis Dalton, Topeka; L. Goose, Topeka; J. H. 
Jones, Troy; George Kilm.er, Oskaloosa; Rush Bros., Topeka; Washburn College, 
Topeka; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; J. B. Case, Abilene. 

Nos. 145 to 149, Barley. — A. M. Claflin, Salina; S. H. Cramer, white, hull-less, Ot- 
tawa; Peter Pfeifer, Osborne; S. H. Williams, Abilene; S. H. Cramer, black, hull-less, 
Ottawa. 

Nos. 150 to 152, Barley in Straw. — J. Regole, Burlingame; S. P. Hodges, Portland; 
A. P. Riordan, McLouth. 

Nos. 153 to 160, Rye in Straw. — Eli Benedict, Medicine Lodge; S. Detweiler, Hia- 
watha; Ethel Dick, Topeka; G. Frisbie, Grantville; J. H. Jones, Troy; L. Landon, 
Russell; J. C. Necum, Tecumseh; J. G. Pratt, May wood. 

No. 161, Buckwheat. — Adam Rankin, Olathe. 

Nos. 162 to 164, Orchard Grass. — N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Theo. Krippe, Topeka ; 
H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs. 

Nos. 165 to 174, Timothy. — H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; J. Bengole, Burlingame; 
John Brandscom, Grantville; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; Jacob 
Miller, Newman; Wm. A. Mosher, Lawrence; J. J. Norris, North Topeka; S. Wilson, 
Grantville; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. 

Nos. 175 to 183, Millet.—^. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; F. 
Driscal, Wichita; A. E. Jones, Topeka; J. H. Jones, Troy; Frank Mangole, Newman; 
J. B. Sims, Topeka; F. M. Spangler, Marysville; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. 

Nos. 184 to 192, Alfalfa. — Andrew Shreive, Clyde; Otis Dalton, Topeka; Thomas 
Anderson, Salina; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Jeflf. Dasflap, Osborne; S. P. Fisher, Mc- 



72 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Pherson; Anson Miller, Chico; John H. Churchill, Dodge City; Samuel Westbrook, 
Garden City. 

Nos. 193 to 198, Kentucky Blue Grass. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; A. P. Rior- 
dan, McLouth; E. Baxter, Waveland; E. Zimmerman, Hiawatha; H. H. Kern, Bon- 
ner Springs; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. 

Nos. 199 to 204, English Blue Grass. — J. B. Sims, Topeka; S. Dick, Topeka; 
Adam Kathay, Hamilton; Baxter Waverland, Topeka; Thomas Buckman, Topeka; 
John Kern, Bonner Springs. 

Nos. 205 and 206, Redtop Grass. — D. P. Hoagland, Olathe; Thos. Hart, Hiawatha. 

Nos. 207 to 213, Red Clover. — N. I. Dalton, Topeka; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; 
Thomias Hart, Hiawatha; J. M. Lannier, Derby; Joseph L. Webber, Osborne; J. D. 
Ziller, Hiawatha; G. G. McConnel, Menoken. 

No. 214, Clover Seed. — J. H. Delivan, Lawrence. 

No. 215, Sorghum., Cane Sugar, and Syrup. — Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway 
Company, Parsons. 

No. 216, Sorghum Canes. — Twenty-four varieties, non-saccharine canes. Seed 
from India, 1891. Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. 

Nos. 217 to 238, Potatoes. — Early Vermont, Bermudas, Empire, White Pearl, and 
Early Ohio, by J. P. Stevenson, Sabetha; Early Ohio, H. P. Ewing, Lawrence; Early 
Ohio, E. R. Hays, Topeka; Early Ohio, S. H. Downs, Topeka; Mammoth Pearl, E. R. 
Hays, Topeka; Early Ohio and Belle of Michigan, by Wm. Schwartz, Burlingame; 
Peach Blow, Green Mountain, Early Beauty, Early Rose, Mammoth Pearl, Burbank 
Seedling, Red, Blue Victors, Red Peach Blow, and Early Ohio, by E. R. Hays, To- 
peka; Victor, W. A. Doyle, Achilles. 

Nos. 239 to 243, Sweet Potatoes. — Red, Yellow Nansemond, and Southern Queen, 
by S. H. Downs, Topeka; Yellow Nansemond and Early Anthemum, by John Arm- 
strong, Topeka. 

Nos. 244 to 246, Beets. — Turnip and Long Red Blood, by J. P. Stevenson, Sa- 
betha; Long Red Blood, P. P. Fadley, Hiawatha. 

Nos. 247 to 319, Onions. — By the State Agricultural College, the following varieties: 
Cross & Blackwell's Silver Pickling, Extra Early Barletta, Extra Early Pearl, Early 
Hard White Dutch, Hard Round Silverskin, Ivory Ball, Large White Silverskin, New 
White Bunch, Paris Pickling, Round White Silverskin, Giant White Rocca, White 
Victoria, Thoburn's Excelsior White Pickling, W^hite Bunch, White Globe, White Prize 
Winner, Queen, White Rocca, White Flat Bermuda, White Maggiojola, White Portugal, 
White Bartletta, White or Silverskin, White Pearl, Early Red Globe, Globe Madeira? 
Red Rocca, Giant Rocca of Naples, Mammoth Pompeii, Red Victoria, Light Red Giant 
Rocca, Madrid Giant, Red Giant Rocca, Large Red Globe, Flat Maderia, Red Bassan, 
Yellow Flat Danvers, Early Red Flat, Large Red Tripoli, Extra Early Red, Bloom- 
dale Extra Early Red, Pale Red Bermuda, Giant Rocca, Yellow Flat Danvers, Early 
Yellow Cracker, Giant Yellow Rocca, Golden Ball, Large Yellow Globe, Michigan 
Yellow Globe, Nasby's Mammoth, Prize Taker, Prize Taker Livingston, Round 
Yellow Danvers, Yellow Strasburg, Yellow Globe Danvers, Yellow Globe Spanish, 
Yellow Danvers, Adriatic Bartletta, Early Pearl, Philadelphia Yellow, El Passo, Early 
Barletta, Extra Early White Pearl, Early Flat Halian Tripoli, Giant White Tripoli, 
Giant White Tripoli, Silver Ball, Leonard's Chicago Silverskin, Mammoth White 
Garganns, Marzajola, Neopolitan Marzajola, New Queen, Spanish King. Also, the 
following: Yellow Rocca Sets, White Rocca Sets, Red Rocca Sets, and Yellow Rocca, 
by F. Barteldes, Lawrence; Yellow Wethersfield, by H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; 
Silverskin, Yellow Giant Rocca, and Red Wethersfield, by S. H. Downs, Topeka; Red 
Rocca, by H. P. Ewing, Loring; Yellow Wethersfield, by R. W. Scott, Junction City 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 73 

Nos. 330 and 331, Broom Corn. — F. J. Haskinson, Marquette; Harvey Beason, 
Wheeler. 

Nos. 332 and 333, Squash. — F. Barteldes, Lawrence. 

No. 334, Watermelon. — E. R. Hays, Topeka. 

Nos. 335 to 339, Flax. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; Joseph Sturdy, Waveland; 
John T. Six, Wakarusa; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Geo. Tincher, Elmont. 

No. 340, Cotton. — Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, Parsons. 

No. 341, Walnut Log. — State of Kansas (in the forestry building). 

Mining Exhibit. 

All the preliminary work for the mining exhibit was done by Professors 
Haworth and Williston, of the State University, under the direction of the 
old Board. The arrangement with those gentlemen was continued by the 
present Board, and active work was begun immediately after the organiza- 
tion of the Board, and, by dint of close application and the assistance of citi- 
zens wherever called upon, an exhibit was finally made which called forth 
surprise and admiration from many thousands of visitors. 

A considerable portion of the material was donated, large quantities were 
kindly loaned, a few choice specimens were rented, and the remainder was 
purchased. The principal donors were: The Lyons Rock Salt Company, of 
Lyons, which donated tons of rock salt to be used in making the installation, 
and two barrels of choice specimens to be exhibited in show cases. 

The Best-Keene Cement Company, of Medicine Lodge, which gave large 
amounts of massive gypsum, for installation purposes, and good samples of 
the manufactured products. Many mine operators and private citizens of 
Galena gave liberally of the products of their mines. Col. W. B. Stone, of 
Galena, loaned 6,000 pounds of pig lead, and the Cherokee Spelter Com- 
pany, of Weir City and Pittsburg, loaned 4,000 of metallic zinc. 

So far as practicable, everything was prepared for erection before it left the 
state. The woodwork was all made at home, and a total of three car loads 
of material was shipped. Everything was practically in place and ready 
for exhibition by the opening day. May 1, although considerable "fixing up" 
was subsequently indulged in. 

About the 1st of June a pamphlet was issued, giving the extent and value 
of the mineral resources of the state, 75,000 copies of which were distributed 
during the remaining five months ; also, many thousand small souvenir spec- 
imens of rock salt and other minerals were given away to visitors who seemed 
especially interested in the exhibit. 

The space granted Kansas in the mining building was very favorably lo- 
cated, in the northeastern part on the first floor. It joined the wall of the 
building on the north. The main aisle trending north and south through 
the middle of the east half of the floor, and separating the mining exhibit 
proper from that of mining machinery, passed along the east side. The most 
prominent east and west aisle in the whole building passed it on the south, 
while a very convenient short aisle, leading from one of the main doors on 



74 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

the north, formed its western boundary. It is doubtful if there was a more 
prominent corner in the whole building. 

The materials exhibited were : Metallic lead, lead ores, metallic zinc, zinc 
ores, rock salt, and gypsum, with different kinds of cement, plaster, etc., made 
therefrom. 

Additional space, just west of that described above, was given the state, 
but it was turned over to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad, for the 
purpose of making an extensive fuel exhibit, in which coal from the leading 
coal districts in the state was to be included. Unfortunately, the coal miners' 
strike, early in May, prevented the erection of this exhibit ; it was then too 
late for the state to take the matter in hand ; so that the only Kansas coal ex- 
hibited was two large pyramids erected on the grounds near the state build- 
ing. It is but fair to add that most of the leading coal companies of the state 
were invited to make exhibits of their own in the Kansas space in the mining 
building, but none chose to do so. 

Professor Williston exhibited various kinds of building materials in the 
same space. 

In erecting the building, a floor was first laid seven inches above the main 
floor. On top of this, a wall was built 17 inches high, of rock salt dressed 
like building stone, on top of which was placed a course of solid gypsum 
slabs, sawed 7 by 12 inches. Five openings were left in the wall, in each of 
which was placed a nicely-dressed white-limestone step, from our famous 
Cottonwood Falls quarries. The salt and gypsum thus employed produced a 
beautiful effect, and also served as a part of the exhibit. 

On either side of the main entrance on the south, two pyramids were built 
of solid galena, three feet high, which supported a massive arch, on which 
the name Kansas was painted in black and gold, so that it could be read 300 
feet away. On either side of this arch, a pyramid 12 feet high was built of 
the rougher ores of lead and zinc. Some very choice pieces of ore were 
placed in these pyramids; in the southeast one, the most remarkable specimen 
of lead ore, galena, was placed which was exhibited at the fair. It weighed 
over 600 pounds, about 450 or 500 pounds of which was pure galena. The 
most peculiar feature about it was its perfect crystallization. The cubes of 
galena were of immense size, some of them being fully 62 inches across, while 
perhaps no one was less than two inches. No other lead-ore specimens at all 
approaching this ore in magnificence could be found in the whole building. 

In the central part of the floor stood a square show case, four feet on a side ; 
for a base, four long slabs of rock salt were neatly dressed, which lifted the 
case 15 inches from the floor. This little case was equivalent to one 16 feet 
long, and was devoted to the best specimens of lead and zinc ores. The best 
crystallized varieties of lead ore were placed on the southeast side, and formed 
a collection pronounced by experts to be as fine as had ever been exhibited 
in America. On the southwest side the massive pieces of lead ore were 
placed, the brilliant cleavage faces of which attracted more attention from 
the ordinary visitor than anything else in the exhibit. The two back sides 



Report of the Board of Managers. 



75 



of the case were devoted to zinc ores. This one case contained at least 3,000 
pounds of ores. Quite a large number of other specimens also were placed 
in other cases. 

Immediately west of the square case a hexagonal pyramid of metallic zinc 
was erected, 16 feet high, containing about 4,000 pounds of the metal, which 
was kindly loaned the exhibit by the Cherokee Spelter Company, of Weir 
City. On the east of the square case, a six-sided column was built of pig 
lead, to a height of about 10 feet above the floor, containing no less than 6,000 
pounds of lead, which was loaned to the exposition by Col. W. B. Stone, of 
Galena, Kas. 

Back of these a double-faced case was placed on a gypsum base, holding 
it 15 inches above the floor, which was principally devoted to the building- 
stone exhibit. Immediately back of this, and against the wall, stood a single 
case with a vitrified-brick support, one-half of which contained the best speci- 
mens of rock salt, the remainder being devoted to building materials and 
ores. The wall spaces and corners at either end of this case were filled with 
large pieces of salt, some of which weighed nearly 1,000 pounds each. 

The whole exhibit was thus placed in an unusually compact form, and 
was so arranged that it presented a massive appearance, thus indicating the 
abundance of material we have to draw from. 

Samples of the metallic lead, metallic zinc and rock salt were analyzed by 
Mr. Carey, the official chemist of the mining department, the results of which 
were so satisfactory that they may be reproduced here : 



Kansas Salt ( Lyons Rock Salt Co. ) 

Salt 99.9395 

Insoluble 0185 

Iron and alum 0175 

Lime 0180 

Magnesium 0065 

100.0000 

Potash Trace 

Bromine Trace 

Iodine None 

Sulphates None 

Phosphates None 

Nitrates None 



Kansas (Cherokee) Spelteb. 

Zinc 98.244 

Lead 1.011 

Iron 745 

Kansas Lead (Colonel Stone's). 

Lead 99.9293 

Antimony 0166 

Copper 0501 

Iron 0036 

Silver 0004 

Nickel Trace 

Bismuth None 

Zinc None 

Cadmium None 

100.0000 

The metals were taken directly from the smelting furnaces, and had not 
been refined; the sample of salt was selected. The above results are most 
satisfactory, especially for the lead and salt. The lead has a higher degree 
of purity than many samples have after passing through purifying processes, 
while the salt is much superior to the average "pure" salt to be found in the 
markets. 

Every exhibit made by this department received an award. In the min- 
ing building, the awards were not graded "first," "second," etc., but were 
given where especially meritorious exhibits were made. From the very out- 
set, it was determined to make no exhibit which could not be brought to a 



76 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

high degree of perfection, both in the quality of the material and in the mode 
of exhibiting it. The very satisfactory results just mentioned speak for 
themselves, so that comment is unnecessary. 

One of the duties of the attendant was to distribute souvenir specimens of 
minerals, and certain literature especially prepared for the occasion. Masses of 
rock salt, lead ore and zinc ore were broken into attractive looking pieces, from 
a half inch to an inch in diameter, and handed out piece by piece to those who 
showed interest in such matters. A conservative estimate would place the 
number of pieces thus distributed at not less than 200,000, which means that 
as many visitors went home carrying with them a tangible reminder of the 
rich mines of Kansas. 

The lead and zinc ores come exclusively from Cherokee county, although 
small amounts of the ores have been found in other places. 

Our zinc smelters are located in Cherokee and Crawford counties, and 
yield the largest amount of metallic zinc per year of any state in America. 

Our coal comes almost entirely from the eastern half of the state, although 
some of the western counties produce brown coal of considerable value. 

Our building stones are unlimited in quantity, and are evenly distributed 
over a greater portion of the state, so that but few counties have none. 

Kansas has salt enough to supply the world for 1,000,000 years, and it is 
of as good quality as can be found anywhere. 

Our plaster and cement industries are rapidly increasing, with every pros- 
pect that in a few years the output will approach $1,000,000 annually. 

Oil and natural gas already are obtained in paying quantities in different 
places in the southeastern part of the state. They already supply light and 
fuel for different thriving cities, thereby saving annually many thousands of 
dollars. 

Our clays are known to be abundant and of good quality, especially those 
suitable for the manufacture of vitrified brick. 

As the demands for such products increase the output of our mines will 
correspondingly increase, so that we may reasonably expect heavier develop- 
ment along this line in the future. 

In different places within our state valuable deposits of mineral paints are 
known to exist, some of which are already placed upon the market and others 
will be in the near future. 

It may not be amiss to add that this exhibit has been a most excellent 
advertisement to the state along lines which previously had been largely neg- 
lected. It was a most common remark by visitors, that they did not know 
Kansas had any lead and zinc mines, or salt mines, or smelting furnaces. 
Those who were better informed still had but a faint conception of the real 
magnitude of our mining interests. When told that our mines were more 
than a fourth as productive as those of the great mining state of Colorado, great 
surprise was expressed ; but when it was added that our mines and smelters 
brought our state an annual income equal to one-fourth the market value of 
all the silver mined in the United States, it could hardly be believed. Such 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 77 

exhibits show to the world that, in addition to our greatness along the better- 
known lines of agriculture and stock raising, we also have relatively impor- 
tant industries founded upon mineral wealth, which cannot be destroyed by 
drought or insect pests, and which constantly yield a hundredfold profit. 

The Kansas exhibit of building and ornamental stones in the department 
of mines and mining comprised about 150 specimens, averaging six inches 
square by half as many in thickness, with one side smoothed and polished 
and the others rough or chiseled. 

Each specimen was accompanied by a large label showing the geological 
position and the locality, together with a full chemical analysis, the crushing 
strength per square inch, the weight per cubit foot, specific gravity, and a 
magnificent photograph of the structure made upon a thin slice of the stone. 

The collection comprised specimens from the following places, many of the 
localities being represented by several diflferent geological horizons : 

Subcarboniferous. Limestone from Galena, Cherokee county ; one of the 
handsomest and at the same time most useful building and ornamental stones 
of the state. 

Carboniferous. A number of specimens of excellent paving stones from 
the vicinity of South Mound, Neosho county. The stones in this locality are 
in every respect like those from the famous Fort Scott quarries, though occur- 
ring in fewer layers. From Montgomery county, some five or six specimens 
of excellent sandstones, from an inexhaustible quarry, and a specimen of the 
most ornamental shell marble to be found in the state. From Crawford 
county, excellent paving stones like those of Fort Scott, from the vicinity of 
Farlington. From Allen county, aside from a number of good limestones 
from Humboldt, several specimens of the limestone from the noted lola 
quarry — a massive limestone of over 30 feet in thickness, and of excellent 
quality. From Wilson county, specimens of what seems to be the most use- 
ful ornamental stone yet known. While not as handsome as the Independence 
shell marble, it is firmer in texture, and occurs in larger masses. From 
Woodson county, specimens of the heavy sandstones in the vicinity of Yates 
Center, and a good ornamental limestone. From Chautauqua and Elk 
counties, massive sandstones and ornamental limestones. It is of interest to 
observe that most of the ornamental stones of the state, so far, occur in the 
southern and eastern counties. 

From Linn county, paving stones like those of Fort Scott, though occur- 
ring in only a small number of layers. The most interesting stones from this 
locality, however, are the strongly bituminous sandstones, so impregnated as 
to be combustible, and doubtless capable of economic uses. 

From Anderson county, specimens of five or six limestones of good qual- 
ity, from Garnett and Greeley. 

From Franklin county, in addition to the excellent blue limestone from 
Ottawa, of which the new university building there is composed, specimens 
of excellent oolite, from Lane. 



78 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

From Douglas, Johnson, Wyandotte and Leavenworth counties, a dozen 
or more specimens of good, but not especially noteworthy, limestones. 

Shawnee, Atchison, Doniphan, Brown and Nemaha counties are each rep- 
resented by one or more specimens of good limestone from developed quarries. 

The chief and altogether the best limestones of the state are from the up- 
per carboniferous strata, from an horizon which is traceable across the state 
from east of Marys ville, on the north, to Cambridge, Cowley county, on the 
south. This stone was represented by numerous specimens from Beattie, in 
Marshall county; Manhattan, in Riley county; Alma, in Wabaunsee county; 
Strong City, in Chase county, and Cambridge, in Cowley county. While the 
stones from all these localites have a strong resemblance, there are no two 
alike, either in composition or structure. The stone is a comparatively coarse 
framiniferal limestone, incapable of polish, the most of them capable of with- 
standing exposure better than most of the stones in the more eastern part of 
the state. From the uppermost carboniferous or Permian stratum there is an 
equally distinct horizon, further west than the one just mentioned. Specimens 
of this stone were from Clay Centre, in Clay county, from Marion, in Marion 
county, and Winfield and Arkansas City, in Cowley county. The stone is of 
finer structure than that of the horizon below, and, while making an excellent 
building stone, has not the durability of some others. The only magnesian 
stone yet found in this state is from this horizon, at Marion Centre, a speci- 
men of which was exhibited. 

Cretaceous. In the western part of the state, notwithstanding the numerous 
geological divisions, the stones are, as a rule, much inferior to those of the east- 
ern part of the state. Furthermore, there is a greater lithological constancy 
over larger areas, so that one county will not offer different kinds from those 
of adjoining counties. The belt of sandstone running across the state, consti- 
tuting the Dakota cretaceous, is represented by specimens from Cloud and 
Saline counties. From the succeeding geological formation, the Fort Benton 
cretaceous, there is good serviceable limestone, very common in many coun- 
ties, represented by specimens from Osborne, Russell and Lincoln counties. 

From Lincoln county, also, there is a fine-grained hard limestone, capable 
of receiving a good polish. From the Niobrara cretaceous, overlying the Fort 
Benton, there are numerous specimens of chalk of different degrees of firm- 
ness, and varying in color from the ocher of Trego county to a clear white 
chalk, not at all inferior to the English chalk; this chalk, differing only in 
color, occurs in many of the western counties, and is represented by speci- 
mens from Gove, Logan, Trego and Hamilton counties. A finer-grained 
limestone at the base of this formation, and making a very serviceable build- 
ing stone, is represented by specimens from Hamilton and Hodgeman coun- 
ties; it occurs as far north as Jewell county. 

Tertiary. The uppermost geological formation in the state, the Loup 
Fork, offers no stone of more than local value, save the remarkable "granite," 
represented by specimens from Phillips county, a sandstone composed of 



Report of the Board of Managers. 79 

quartz and feldspar, and exceedingly hard, forming one of the very best 
stones for paving blocks, for which use much of it has been quarried. Other 
softer sandstones and sandy limestones from this formation were represented 
in the collection by specimens from Phillips and Norton counties, though the 
same material occurs in most of the counties of the extreme northwest. 

Specimens of gypsum are included, from the carboniferous, at Blue Rapids, 
and the triassic, of Barber county. 

The foregoing gives very briefly an outline of what this state had to offer 
in the line of building stones, and I believe that no important building stone 
of the state was unrepresented. Professor Williston spent nearly five months 
in the field, traveling, in their collection. He, in conjunction with Professor 
Marvin, of the department of engineering, and Professor Bailey, of the de- 
partment of chemistry, have in preparation an extended work on the stones 
of the state, based upon the material exhibited, and which will include a full 
discussion of all their properties and their geological relations. The work 
will be published early in 1894, and the reader is referred to it for further 
information concerning any of the specimens. 

Forestry Exhibit. 

This exhibit consisted of a large walnut log 15 feet in length and 78 
inches in diameter, containing over 3,000 feet of inch-board measure, and was, 
without doubt, the largest walnut log on exhibition at Jackson park, and 
supposed to be the largest walnut log in the world. 

This mammoth tree was grown on the farm of P. W. Gowell, four miles 
north of Linwood, Leavenworth county; bought and cut April 9, 1892, by 
J. H. Rudrow, for J. H. Verbeck. It was placed on exhibition in the for- 
estry building, where its wonderful size and quality attracted much attention. 

An examination and counting of the annual growth at the time the tree was 
felled showed that it was 40 years old when Columbus discovered America. 

The State Agricultural College made a fine exhibit of the woods of 
Kansas, in the Kansas state building. 

Live Stock. 

The act of the legislature providing for the exhibit of the industries of 
the state of Kansas at the Columbian Exposition enjoined upon the Board 
of Managers a consideration of the live-stock interests of our state. 

No more important subject could have been submitted to them, nor one 
attended with more difficulties in securing the proper exhibition of our live- 
stock industries at that great fair. When it is recollected that the valuation 
of the live stock of Kansas for 1892 was $109,024,141, representing, as it 
does, of the meat-producing animals, the sum of $50,759,496, it is easily un- 
derstood why the legislature felt such a deep interest in that part of the do- 
mestic economy of our state. Adding to this the fact that the animals 
slaughtered for human food for the year 1892 amounted to $35,280,273, it was 



80 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

incentive enough to make an honest effort to secure a representation of that 
vast interest. 

When it is understood how difficult it is and the time it requires to pre- 
pare animals for exhibition, especially where the competition is to be very 
sharp or severe, many men of small means would shrink from the undertak- 
ing, even though they felt that they had animals in their flocks and in their 
herds that, with an equal show, would compare favorably with any others 
that might be exhibited. It takes from two to three years to prepare a herd 
of cattle for exhibition at a fair, and at least one year for swine and sheep. 
The appropriation being made in March, 1893, made it absolutely impossible 
for many citizens, who had not been engaged in fitting their animals and 
showing them yearly at fairs, to participate in the Columbian Exposition. 
But, notwithstanding this fact, Kansas made a very creditable show of her 
live stock, securing many premiums or awards for the fine animals exhibited. 

In furthering the object and purpose of the legislature, the Board of Man- 
agers, after their organization, caused to be arranged and published a list of 
premiums that would be paid to the owners of animals competing and win- 
ning prizes under the Columbian rules and premium list. Under the organi- 
zation of the Columbian Exposition, it was impossible for Kansas, as a state, 
or her citizens, to make a competitive exhibition with each other, so that they 
could receive awards or premiums from the state. The animals had to be 
entered in competition with those of our own and other countries, and were 
compelled to take their chances with the vast number taken to that fair for 
exhibition. The Board found that the most that could be done, and the only 
thing they could do, was to offer premiums for all animals owned by citizens 
of Kansas that received the first and second premium at the Columbian Ex- 
position. For the purpose of stimulating an interest on the part of our citi- 
zens engaged in the breeding of fine stock, the following announcement was 
made, and publicity given it by the Kansas Farmer and other Kansas pa- 
pers : 

The Kansas Board of World's Fair Managers offer the following special pre- 
miums in the breeding classes on animals owned and kept in Kansas by residents of 
Kansas, and exhibited by them at the World's Columbian Exposition: 

GA.TTL.'E.— Shorthorns. 

Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. 1st prein. 2d prem. 

Best bull, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 2 years and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 

* ' " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 

" " underlyear 10 00 6 00 

Herefords. 
Bull taking World's Columbian sweeptakes premium, $100. 

Best bull, 3 years old or over $25 00 $20 00 

" '* 2 years old and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 

" " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 

" under 1 year 10 00 5 00 

Aberdeen Angus. 
Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. 

Best bull, 3 years old or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 2 years old and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 

" ' * over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 

" underlyear 10 00 5 00 



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Galloways. 

Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. 1st prem. 2d prem. 

Best bull, 3 years or over $25 GO $20 00 

' • " 2 years and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 

" " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 

" under 1 year 10 00 5 00 

Jerseys. 

Cow of any age taking World's Columbian first premium, dairy test $100 00 

'' " " " " second premium, dairy test 50 00 

" • " " " " third premium, dairy test 25 00 

SHEEP. — Shropshire. 1st prem. 2d prem. 

Bast ram, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 2 years and less than 3 years 20 00 15 00 

" " 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 5 00 

Merino. 
Best ram, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 2 years and less than 3 years 20 00 15 00 

" " 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 

SWINE. — Berkshire. 1st prem. 2d prem. 

Best boar, 2 years or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 1 year and under 2 years 20 00 15 00 

*' under 1 year ... 15 00 10.00 

Poland-China. 
Best boar, 2 years or over $25 00 $20 00 

" " 1 year and under two years 20 00 15 00 

" under 1 year 15 00 10 00 

Mak'iQ Bros., of Florence, made a fine and very creditable show of 12 
head of Hereford cattle, and, in the exhibition in the show ring, they made 
a fine representation for our state, and acquitted themselves with great credit, 
as will be seen by the number of awards they received in the show ring, in 
competition with nearly 300 head of splendid animals of that breed. 

C. F. Stone, of Peabody, made a fine and very creditable exhibit of several 
head of Holstein-Friesians. The showing made by Mr. Stone was very fine. 
Many of this herd have stood tests as great milkers, in competition with other 
animals; and had circumstances permitted Mr. Stone to have placed animals 
of his herd in the "dairy test," he no doubt would have shown animals equal 
to any in the exhibit. The Holstein-Friesian society decided not to place 
that cliiss of animals in competition in the "dairy test," which of course re- 
sulted in excluding animals from Mr. Stone's herd. 

The La Veta Jersey Cattle Company, of Topeka, made a most creditable 
exhibit of that valuable and beautiful class of cattle. They were under the 
care of Mr. G. F. Miller, president of the company, who had them in splen- 
did condition when they were led into the sh )W ring in competition with over 
200 head of Jersey animals. 

It is to be regretted that the Shorthorn breeders had no representation of 
that grand breed of beef-producing animals on exhibition ; but W. W. Walt- 
mire, of Carbondale, exhibited one of his Shorthorn cows, Genevieve, in 
the " dairy test," and she acquitted herself with credit and honor to her owner. 
She stood No. 15 in a list of 26. 

Genevieve was No. 34 in a field of 45 cows, including the pick of the Jer 
seys, Guernseys, and Shorthorns, in the 30-day dairy butter test, and made a 
—6 



82 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

net profit for the 30 days of $21.43; and her butter record beingT43.853 
pounds, worth $13.11 i. Mr. Waltmire's Shorthorn heifer Aggie 2d won the 
third prize in the 30-day test for heifers under three years old, making tlie 
most butter at the least expense, in a field of 15. 

R. S. Cook, of Wichita, W. E. Gresham, of Burrton, and P. A. Pearson, 
of Kinsley, all made fine and grand shows of that favorite breed of Kansas 
swine, the Poland-China, and secured for themselves many compliments for 
their tine herds, and a large number of awards, as will be shown under the 
proper heading. 

E. D. King, of Burlington, made an exhibition of a flock of 50 Merino 
sheep. This flock had to compete with a large number of animals of this 
class from many parts of the world, and in the contest Kansas did not take 
second place. Mr. King's herd made a magnificent showing, which places 
him in the front rank as a breeder of Merino sheep and an expert and dis- 
creet exhibitor in the show ring. Of the 19 ribbons won by Mr. King, 17 
of them were taken by sheep of his own breeding. 

Henry Balliet, of Tonganoxie, exhibited his French coach stallion Joyua 
(No. 565), in competition with a large number of horses of that famous breed, 
and in the sweepstakes competition received the fourth award, with the offi- 
cial ribbon. 

Dairy Exhibit. 

In consequence of certain resolutions and communications emanating from 
the Kansas Board of World's Fair Managers and the executive council of 
the Kansas State Dairy Association, R. L. Wright was appointed superintend- 
ent in charge of the dairy exhibit. 

The superintendent could not remain all the time at Chicago, as he had to 
collect the exhibits each month and consolidate the shipments at Kansas City, 
which saved much time and drayage at Chicago; and it may be permissible 
here to note that this work could not have been accomplished with any degree 
of satisfaction to the exhibitors but for the very excellent cold storage termi- 
nal arrangements at Kansas City and Chicago, connected with both the Rock 
Island and Santa Fe refrigerator systems. The state exhibit was also materially 
benefited by the addition of several special pick-up refrigerator cars on branches 
of the Santa Fe, where several of the creameries were located. With only a 
few exceptions, this almost faultless system of refrigerator service on the two 
great roads which traverse our state and connect with their own lines from 
Kansas City to Chicago made it possible to put Kansas butter into the dairy 
building at Jackson park in as good or better condition than when first 
loaded on the cars. We have thus settled the question for all time as to 
whether or not Kansas can become a dairy state. 

The general quality of the butter exhibited was good, some excellent, as 
indicated by the scores received, and which goes far to demonstrate that our 
soil, climate, grasses, forage and water are all preeminently adapted to the 
production of first-quality butter; which, when combined with the compara- 



Report of the Board of Managers. 85 

tively short winter season, must, at no distant date, cause the intelligent and 
progressive dairyman to look to Kansas as the future paradise of the dairy 
cow. 

We made a total of 104 exhibits, on 24 of which World's Fair diplomas 
and medals were secured. Our exhibit of butter for the month of June made 
an average score of 94.54 points. 

In the month of July we made 26 exhibits, the average score for which 
was about 91.79. It must not, however, be inferred from the deficiency of 
the July, as compared with the June, scoring that the quality of our butter 
was inferior. The difference occurred in consequence of an entire change in 
the board of judges, whose standard of quality for the months of July, Sep- 
tember and October was much higher than that by which the June exhibit 
was scored. The fall season appeared to be the best part of the year in 
which to prosecute dairy work in Kansas ; hence it was that in the months of 
September and October our butter makers secured their highest honors. In, 
the month of September we made a total of 22 exhibits, nine of which were 
awarded diplomas and medals, the average score of the state exhibit being 
considerably higher than those obtained by Kew York, Illinois, and Indiana. 
In October we made 21 exhibits, the average score for the state being a frac- 
tion over 93.9 points, ranging from 89 to 97, leading Nebraska, Iowa, and 
Illinois, in the West, also Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and Canada,, 
in the East. We had only one package of butter this month that scored 
down to 89, whereas that was the average score of the Canadian exhibit. 

In a general manner the above figures indicate the superior quality of our 
exhibits. For a more detailed account, those interested should refer to the 
table of scores made by each exhibitor and appended hereto ; also, to the list 
of awards. 

In October, J. E. George, of Burlingame, exhibited a very fine package- 
of dairy butter, which secured a score of 96^ points, being marked 41 i for 
flavor and perfect in all other respects, the highest score this month reached 
by any of our creameries being 95 points, except in the case of J. E. Nissley,, 
whose points scored 97. The dairy butter to which reference has been made 
was also very highly commended by the judges; and, when it became known 
that the butter was made in Kansas, several of the superintendents, in com- 
pany with Professor Robertson with the Canadian delegation, were invited by 
the judges to examine the exhibit and see what could be produced in the line 
of strictly fine butter, even as far south and west as Kansas. There were 
only one or two other exhibits in the dairy class which scored more than 96? 
points, and those scoring higher were from such noted dairies as that of Vice- 
President Morton and others similarly situated. Therefore, when such an ex- 
ceptionally high quality of exhibit as this is made, it should be regarded hy 
all as conferring great honor on our state. Out of a total of 36 exhibits in 
the dairy class, the same month, Illinois only had one to reach 962, whereaa^ 
Kansas reached the same distinction, out of a total of six exhibits. 

Mr. George had also taken the first premium at the Osage county and the 



84 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

state fair this year, scoring 94 in each instance. He will also be entitled to 
the first premium in the state dairy class, on an average of four exhibits at 
the World's Fair ; and more recently he has exhibited butter in the dairy 
association contest which was scored by an expert at 95 points, which will 
entitle him to the State Dairy Association gold medal for the best butter ex- 
hibited made by any process, thus securing the first gold medal awarded to 
Kansas dairy butter. Such an extended reference as the foregoing may be 
regarded by some as superfluous in this report, and it would doubtless be so 
were it not for the encouragement it may afford to many in our state to go 
forward to success in this important industry. 

In the dairy class at the World's Fair, two Marion county exhibitors also 
got second and third place in the state competition, together with diplomas 
and medals from the World's Fair bureau of awards. 

In the gdthered-cream class, the first state premium will go to the Ellin- 
wood Creamery Company, and the second to Peabody. 

The greatest competition, however, occurred in the separator-cream class, 
there being from 12 to 16 exhibits each month, and in some instances the 
competition was very close, as will be seen by reference to the total score of 
the four exhibits made by the Abilene and Meriden creameries, each of which 
are 378?, and the Enterprise creamery, which is 378, The gold medal of the 
association, together with $25, the amount of the first premium, has been 
awarded to J. E. Nissley for the best four exhibits of print butter, and further, 
for the highest average score awarded to any four exhibits of butter from the 
state at the World's Columbian Exposition, which is the highest score ever 
awarded in public competition to any butter made in the "sunflower" state. 

The dairy and creamery men generally are deserving of great credit for the 
very excellent showing which has been made at Chicago; they have done 
their part nobly and well, amid many inconveniences and discouragements. 
They have borne aloft the dairy banner of Kansas, and demonstrated by the 
scores secured by their products that the dairy business is now fairly com- 
menced, and will succeed if prosecuted in an intelligent and energetic manner. 

Whatever can be done for this industry by the legislature of this state 
ought certainly to be done. No field more profitable can be found for the 
judicious expenditure of a moderate sum in the form of an annual appropria- 
tion from the state. No officer connected with any department of agriculture 
in our state could do more for the people at large than might be accomplished 
by an energetic dairy commissioner, with a well-defined and a practical dairy 
law behind him. Our state is being made the dumping ground for hundreds 
of thousands of dollars' worth of fraudulent imitation dairy products, which are 
being represented in the majority of the sales as genuine butter. Therefore, 
both the public and the dairyman have a right to be protected against such 
an outrage, and nothing but a thoroughly practical dairy law, rigidly en- 
forced, can accomplish this purpose. The total quantity of butter sent for 
exhibition by our state was 18,133 pounds. 

We made a small display of cheese, but did not enter into competition for 



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Report of the Board of Managers. 



85 



World's Fair honors with other states. This was caused largely by the very 
defective condition of the World's Fair cold storage. The cheese was from 
the ]N^ortonville cheese factory, and also from the factory belonging to Mr. 
John Bull, Ravanna. When the cheese first arrived they were a little too 
young to be entered in the June exhibit, and therefore with a prospect of 
material improvement and condition if entered for a later exhibit, they were 
placed in the dairy department storage, during the absence of the superin- 
tendent while collecting the July exhibit of butter. Upon his return, it was 
discovered that the refrigeration had not been applied to the cases, and there- 
fore the cheese were in much too heated a condition to go on exhibition ; hence 
it was decided not to have the cheese entered for competition, but to compare 
the two exhibits and to give the state premium upon a merit of the goods as 
each exhibit appeared at that time, the first premium going to John Bull, 
Ravanna, the second to the Nortonville cheese factory. 



JUNE EXHIBIT. 



NAMK OF EXHIBITOR. 



J. E. George, Burlingame 

A. E. Jones, Topeka 

J. P. Den, Florence 

George Hobrine, Florence 

J. A. McCurdy, Florence 

J. Scharenberg. Florence .*. 

L. M. HofE, Burr Oak 

C. Armstrong, Clyde 

A. L. Gable, Riley 

Peabody Creamery Compan.y 

EUinwood Creamery Company 

Winchester Creamery Company 

Lyndon Creamery Company 

Enterprise Creamery Company 

Shady Brook Creamery Company 

Woodbine Creamery Company 

Golden Belt Creamery Company 

Beverly Creamery Company 

Marquette Creamery Company 

Neosho Rapids Creamery Company 

Emporia Creamery Company 

Hope Creamery Company 

Ramona Creamery Company 

Sedgwick Creamery Company 

Abilene Creamery Company 

Talmage Creamery Company 

Bell Springs Creamery Company 

Meriden Creamery Company 

Moundridge Creamery Company 

Hillsboro Creamery Company 

Newton Creamery Company 

Halstead Creamery Company 

White Water Creamery Company 

Minneapolis Creamery Company 

Abilene Creamery Company 



Score. 



96 

94 

98 + 

97+ 

93 

93 

94 

92 

92 

96 

95 

94 

95 

95 

96 

96 

91 

91 

87 

92 

94 

96 

96 

93 

98 + 
94 
95 
93 
95 
96 
96 
96 
95 
96 

99 + 



Totals 3,309 



Averages 94 . 54 



Sep- Gath- 
arator ered 
class, cream. 



94 

95 

95 

96 

96 

91 

91 

87 

92 . 

94 

96 

96 

93 

98+ 

94 

95 

93 

95 

96 

96 

96 

95 

96 



Dairy 
class. 



Print 
class. 



94 
92 
92 
96 
95 



96 
94 

98+ 
97 + 
93 
93 



99+ 



94.33 I 93.80 i 95.16i 



SQ 



Kansas at the World^s Fair, 1893. 



JULY EXHIBIT. 



NAME OF EXHIBITOR. 



J. P. Dell, Florence 

■Geo. Hobrine, Florence 

J. E. Georfje, Burlinganae 

J. A. McCurdy, Florence 

J. Scharenberg, Florence 

Meriden Creamery Company 

Minneapolis Creamery Company 

Lyndon Creamery Company 

H. R. Dutt, Birmingham 

Newton Creamery Company 

White Water Creamery Company. . . . 

Hope Creamery Company 

Peabody Creamery Company 

Hesston Creamery Company 

Sedgwick Creamery Company 

Neosho Rapids Creamery Company . 

Talmage Creamery Company 

Bell Springs Creamery Company 

Abilene Creamery Company 

Hillsboro Creamery Company 

Halstead Creamery Company 

Enterprise Creamery Company 

Ellin wooQ Creamery Company 

Ellinwood Creamery Company 

Newton Creamery Company 

Abilene Creamery Company 



Totals 



Averages 91 . 79 — 



Score. 



93 
92 
90 
93 

95 -t- 

94* 

90 

78 

94 

94i 

97i+ 

95 

91 

94 

88 

93 

93J 

89 

89i 

90* 

89* 

94 

89 

90 

94 + 

9.5i + 



Sep- 
arator 
class. 



2,386* 



94* 
90 
78 
94 

94* 
97* + 
95 



94 

88 

93 

93* 

89 

89* 

90i 

89* 

94 

89 



Gath- 
ered 
cream. 



1,553* 



91.38 



Daii-y 
class. 



Print 
class. 



93 
92 
90 
93 
95+ 



91 



90 



181 



90.50 



463 



92.30 



94+ 
95*+ 

189* 



94.75 



SEPTEMBER EXHIBIT. 



NAME OF EXHIBITOB. 



Abilene Creamery Company 

Heizer Creamery Company 

Dillon Creamery Company 

J. Gardner, Meriden 

J. E. George, Burlingame 

Ellinwood Creamery Company. . . 

J. Scharenberg, Florence 

J. P. Dell, Florence 

Geo. Hobrine, Florence 

Meriden Creamery Company. . . . 

Hope Creamery Company 

Sedgwick Creamery Company. . . 

■J. A. McCurdy, Florence 

Ellinwood Creamery Company.. . 

Talmage Creamery Company 

Bell Springs Creamery Company 
Enteri^rise Creamery Company.. 

Ramona Creamery Company 

Peabody Creamery Company 

Heizer Creamery Company 

Minneapolis Creamery Company 
Abilene Creamery Company 

Totals 

Averages 



Score. 



Sep- 
arator 
class. 



93*+ 1 

96*+: 

88 

95 + 
92* 
95+ ' 
83* 
85 

84 ! 
96*+, 
89 I 
92 

91 j 
95+ 
93 

95i + i 
94 ! 
91 I 
88 I 
95* + 
93* I 

96 + 



88 
95+' 



96*+ 

89 

92 



93 

95* + 
94 
91 



95i + 

93) 

96+ 



2,023 



91.95* 



1,119_ 
93.25 



Gath- 
ered 
cream. 



Dairy 
class. 



Print 
class. 



93*+ 
96*+ 



95 + 
92* 



83: 

85 

84 



91 



95-1- 



88 



183 



91.50 



631 



88.85 



190 



95 



Report of the Board of Managers. 



87 



OCTOBER EXHIBIT. 



NAME OP EXHIBITOR. 



Abilene Creamery Company 

Abilene Creamery Company 

Enterprise Cr-^amery Company. . 

Ramona Creamery Company 

Meriden Creamery Company .... 
Minneapolis Creamery Company. 
Talmage Creamery Company .... 
EUinwood Creamery Company. . . 
Bell Springs Creamery Company 
Sedgwick Creamery Company. . . . 
Winchester Creamery Company. . 
EUinwood Creamery Company. . . 
Winchester Creamery Company. . 

Peabody Creamery Company 

Hope Creamery Company 

J. E. George, Burlingame 

J. Scharenberg, Florence 

A. E. Jones, Topeka 

J. P. Dell, Florence 

J. A. McCiirdy, Florence 

George Hobrine, Florence 



Score. 



97 + 

95 + 

95 + 

95 + 

94i 

94 

94 

94-f 

93i 

93i 

93 

91* 

91 

91 

91* 

96i + 

93i-+ 

92 

90i 

90i 

89 



Totals 1 19,55i 



Averages ' 93. 9i 



Sep- 
arator 
class. 



95 + 

95 + 

95+ 

94* 

94 

94 



93* 
93* 
93 
91* 



91^ 



Gath- 
ered 
cream. 



1,030* 



93.68 



'J4 + 



91 
91 



276 



92 



Dairy 
class. 



Print 
class. 



97 ^ 



96* + 1 

93* + 

92 

90* 

90* 

89 



552 



92 



97 



The following table will show the total score of the state exhibit, also the average 
thereon, based upon 104 exhibits: 



96 


95 


94 


96 


94* 


93 


95* 


96* 


95* 


94 


92 


94 


94 


96 


96 


90 


93* 


93* 


89 


93* 


93* 


90* 


98 


95 


96 


95 


78 


89 


96* 


92 


96 


93* 


90* 


97 


95 


93 


96 


94 


89* 


88 


91 


97 


93 


89 


93 


96 


98 


99 


94* 


90* 


95 


95 


95 


91* 




93 


96 


94 


93 


97* 


89* 


92* 


93 


95 


91 




94 


91 


95 


92 


95 


94 


95 


95* 


95 


91 




92 


91 


93 


90 


91 


89 


83* 


94 


94* 


91* 




92 


89 


95 


93 


94 


90 


85 


91 


94 


96* 




96 


92 


96 


95 


88 


94 


84 


88 


94 


93* 





945 



932 



950 



945 



916* 



912 



908* 



925 



949^ 



Total, 9,674* ; or a fraction less than 93.25 average on the entire exhibit. 



List of Awards. 



929 



362 



HORSES. 

Henry Balliet, of Tonganoxie. French Coach stallion, sweepstakes, 4th premium, with official rib- 
bon. 
Premium paid by Board of Managers, $25. 

CATTLE. — Herefords. Makin Bros., Florence. 

Class 2. 
Bull 3 years or over, 4th premium $15 00 

Bull 2 years and under 3 years, 3d premium 20 00 

Bull 1 year and under 2 years, 3d premium 20 00 

Heifer under 1 year, 2d premium 30 00 

Young herd, consisting of 1 bull and 4 heifers, all under 1 year old, bred by exhibitor, 4th pre- 
mium 25 00 

Two animals of either sex, the produce of one cow, 1st premium 80 00 

Premium paid by Board of Managers 200 00 

Holstein-Friesians. C. F. Stone, Peabody. 

Class 7. 
Bull 3 years old and over, 4th premium $15 00 

Bull 1 year old and under 2 years, 4th premium 15 00 

Cow 4 years old or over, 2d premium 35 00 

Cow 3 years old and under 4 years, 1st premium 60 00 

Heifer 2 years old and under 3 years, 1st premium 50 00 



88 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Heifer 1 year old and under 2 years, 2d premium ^30 00 

Heifer under 1 year, 2d premium 30 00 

Herd graded by ages, 4th premium 25 00 

Young herd, consisting of 1 buli and 4 lieifers under 2 years, 2d premium 75 00 

Four animals, either sex, the get of one sire, 2d premium 75 00 

Premium paid by Board of Managers 200 00 

Jerseys. La Veta Jersey Cattle Company, Topeka. 
Board of Managers' premium $200 00 

SWINE.— PoiiAND-CHiNA. R. S. Cook, Wichita. 

Class 56, 

Boar under 6 months, 4th premium $20 00 

Sow 6 months and under 1 year, 1st premium 40 00 

Sow 6 months and under 1 year, 4th premium 20 00 

Boar and 3 sows under 1 year, 2d premium 50 00 

Boar and 8 sows under 1 year, 1st premium 75 00 

Four pigs, the get of the same boar, 2d premium 75 00 

Four pigs under 6 months, produce of the same sow, 2d premium 75 00 

Paid by Board of Managers 43 33 

Poland-China. Wm. E. Gresham, Burrton, 

Boar 6 months old and under 1 year, 3d premium $25 00 

Boar under 6 months, 1st premium 40 00 

Sow under 6 months, 4th premium 20 00 

Four pigs under 6 months, 3d premium 65 00 

Paid by Board of Managers 48 33 

Poland-China. P. A. Pearson, Kinsley. 
Premium paid by Board of Managers |58 33 

SHEEP.— Mekino. E. D. King, Burlington. 

Class 48. 
Ram 2 years old and under, 2d premium $25 00 

Ram 1 year old and under 2 years, 3d premium 20 00 

Ewe 2 years old and under 3 years, 2d premium 25 00 

Ewe 2 years and under 3 years, 3d premium 20 00 

Ewe 1 year old and under 2 years, 4th premium 15 00 

Ewe under 1 year, 1st premium 25 00 

Ewe under 1 year, 2d premium 20 00 

Ram and 3 ewes, all over 2 years, 2d premium 30 00 

Pen of 5 ewes 2 years or over, 2d premium 35 00 

Pen of 2 rams and 3 ewes, 2d premium 35 00 

Pen of 2 rams and 3 ewes, 3d premium 25 00 

Premium paid by Board of Managers 100 00 

Dairy Awards. 

Butter. — J. Scharenberg, Florence; White Water Creamery, White Water; Hesston 
Creamery Company, Hesston; Abilene Creamery Company, Abilene; Heizer Cream- 
ery Company, Heizer; John Gardner, Meriden; Meriden Creamery Company, Mer- 
iden; EUinwood Creamery Company, Ellinwood; Bell Springs Creamery Company, 
Abilene; Ramona Creamery Company, Ramona; Enterprise Creamery Company, 'En- 
terprise; Abilene Creamery Company, Abilene; J. P. Dell, Florence; Geo. Hobrine, 
Florence; J. E. George, Burlingame. 

Premiums given by the State Dairy Association to those competing at 
World's Fair, for best exhibits in following classes: 

Prints, Fancy Butter. — Ist premium and gold medal, to J. E. Nissley, Abilene. 

Dairy Class. — Ist premium, J. E. George, Burlingame; 2d, A. P. MoCurdy, Flor- 
ence; 8d, J. P. Dell, Florence. 

Gathered Cream. — Ist premium, Ellinwood Creamery Company; 2d, Peabody 
Creamery Company. 

Separator- Cream Class. — Abilene Creamery Company, 378i points; Meriden 









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Report of the Board of Managers. 89 

Creamery Company, 378i points; Enterprise Creamery Company, 378 points. 
Awaiting decision of committee. 

Cheese. — 1st premium, John Bull, Ravanna; 2d, Nortonville Cheese Manufacturing 
Company. 

The following is a list of awards on Kansas products in the agricultural 
building: 

Red Winter Wheat— ^. B. Wilson, Clay Centre; W. H. Smith, Topeka; A. C. Rait, 
Junction City; John Lazelier, Linn; Thomas Gilespie, Salina; G. B. Donmyer, New 
Cambria; H. W. Hoffman, Salina; S. H. Cramer, Ottawa; J. H. Sayles, Norcatur; A. 
Shrieve, Wamego; Cyrus Wray, Salina; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Wm. Rundle, Clay 
Centre; B. D. French, Concordia; W. W. Eddie, Marysville; P. E. Butler, Glasco; 
Gotlieb Adam, Marysville. 

Hard Winter Wheat. — J. D. Foster, Washington; J. H. Edwards, Phillipsburg; 
H. A. Huston, Junction City; S. T. Collins, Belleville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; W. S. 
Lower, Holton; L. Landon, Russell; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; J. L. Johnson, Marysville; 
A. Anderson, Marysville; J. H. Fritz, Riley; Frank Belong, Belleville. 

Red Winter Wheat in Straw. — Orville Webber, Pellerville; Wm. McHenry, Grant- 
ville; T. S. Runnion, Medicine Lodge; Aug. Neck, Emporia; C.W. Stover, Topeka; J. B. 
Reed, Tecumseh; C. 0. Kreipe, Tecumseh; J. A. Butler, Topeka; S. Elmore, Topeka; 
Henry Stone, Medicine Lodge; J. F. Goodwin, Menoken; John Kern, Bonner Springs, 
A. P. Collins, Salina; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; J. F. Greene, Lawrence; Frank Mc- 
Connel, Salina; E. A. Goodell, Topeka; S. Clinents, Grant ville. 

Hard Winter Wheat in Straw. — J. P. Carter, Solomon City; Fred. Auble, Medi- 
cine Lodge. 

White Ear Corn. — James Irwin, Gardner; Wm. Johnson, Gardner; T. A. Cullinan, 
Junction City. 

Yellow Ear Corn. — J. B, Hammett, Schroyer; J. F. Streeter, Junction City; Chas. 
Reed, Prairie Centre; A. P. Collins, Salina; P. K. Fisher, Morrill; Adam Rankin, 
Olathe; F. E. Myers, Whiting; G. W. Stevenson, Sabetha; W. E. Snyder, Hiawatha; 
F. Lemley, Hiawatha. 

Sweet Ear Corn. — F. Lemley, Hiawatha. 

White Shelled Corn. — E. V. Sayers, Ottawa; James McFarland, Ottawa; C. F.'Wolf, 
Ottawa. 

Yellow Shelled Corn. — J. C. Currie, Quenemo. 

Yellow Corn on Stalk. — -S. Severy, Reading; J. H. Jones, Troy; N. I. Dalton, To- 
peka; N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka. 

Corn on Stalk. — Adam Rankin, 5 samples yellow and 5 samples white, Olathe, 

Corn in Ear. — Adam Rankin, 5 samples white and 6 samples yellow, Olathe. 

Red Kaffir Corn. — Joel A. Stratton, Reading. 

Red Oats. — Erick Weiberg, Clay Centre; J. R. Knox, Manhattan; F. Fry, Salina; 
W. S. Lower, Holton; A. C. Rait, Junction City; N. I. Dalton, Topeka. 

Black Oats. — Thomas Anderson, Salina; James Sullivan, Salina; W. G. Swift, Clay 
Centre; H. W. Hoffman, Salina. 

Red Oats in Straw. — Washburn College, Topeka; Buche Bros., McPherson; N. E. 
Bartholomew, Topeka; J. B. Case, Abilene; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. 

Black Oats in Straw. — Otis Dalton, Topeka. 

White Oats in Straw. — J. H. Jones, Troy; J. Cowgill, McPherson; L. Goosey, To- 
peka; L. Landon, Russell. 

Barley in Straw. — J. Begole, Burlingame; A. P. Riordan, McLouth. 

White Barley. — S. H. Williams, Abilene. 

Rye, White, in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; J. G. Pratt, May wood; Geo. 



90 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Frisbie, Grantville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; J. H. Jones, Troy; L. Landon, Russell; 
J. C. Necum, Tecumseh; Eli Benedict, Medicine Lodge. 

Orchard Grass. — H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs. 

Timothy. — J. Begole, Burlingame; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; H. H. Kern, Bonner 
Springs. 

Millet in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; J. B. Sims, Topeka; T. J. Ander- 
son, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; A. E. Jones, Topeka. 

Millet Seed. — F. Driscol. Wichita. 

Broom Corn. — T. J. Harkinson, Marquette; Henry Benson, Wheeler. 

Alfalfa. — Otis Dalton, Topeka; Thomas Anderson, Salina; Andrew Shrieve, Clyde; 
Samuel Westbrook, Garden City; John H. Churchill, Dodge City; N. I. Dalton, To- 
peka. 

Blue Orass, Kentucky. — A. P. Riordan, McLouth; H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; 
T. J. Anderson, Topeka. 

Blue Grass, English. — John Kern, Bonner Springs; E. Zimmerman, Hiawatha; 
Baxter Waveland, Topeka; Adam Kathey, Hamilton. 

Red Clover. — G. G. McConnel, Menoken; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha. 

Red Clover Seed. — J. H. Delivan, Lawrence. 

Redtop Grass. — D. P. Hoagland, Olathe; Thomas Hart, Hiawatha. 

Potatoes. — John Armstrong, Topeka; E. R. Hays, Topeka; S. H. Downs, Topeka; 
J. P. Stevenson, Sabetha. 

Onions. — R. W. Scott, Junction City; Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhat- 
tan; H. P. Ewing, Loring. 

Flax for Fiber. — Joseph Sturdy, Waveland. 

The following is a list of awards on Kansas products in the horticultural 
building: 

Collection of Grapes. — State Horticultural Society. 
Collection of Apples and Pears. — State Horticultural Society. 
Collection of Stone Fruits. — State of Kansas. 

Kansas Educational Awards. 

District schools, Douglas county, J. E. Peairs, superintendent: School work. 

Leavenworth schools^ J. E. Klock, superintendent: School work. 

McPherson schools, C. S. Ludlum, superintendent: High-school work. 

Emporia city schools, Wm. Reece, superintendent: Bound manuscript. 

Public schools, Kansas City, A. S. Olin, superintendent: School work of grades 
below high school. 

Public schools, Kansas City, A. S. Olin, superintendent: High-school work, etc. 

Atchison public schools, J. H. Glotfelter, superintendent: Class work. 

Atchison public schools, J. H. Glotfelter, superintendent: School work, lower 
grades. 

Topeka city schools, W. M. Davidson, superintendent: School work. 

Public schools, Manhattan, G. D. Knipe, superintendent: Bound manuscript work. 

Wichita public schools, Wm. Richardson, superintendent: Pupils' work. 

Rural schools, Dickinson county, D. F. Shirk, superintendent: School work. 

Rural schools, Shawnee county, W. H. Wright, superintendent: Pupils' work. 

Rural schools, Mitchell county, Irwin Stanley, superintendent: Manuscript dis- 
trict-school work. 

Rural schools, McPherson county, I. G. Law, superintendent: Manuscripts, dis- 
trict schools. 

John MacDonald, Topeka: Bound volume Western School Journal. 



Report of the Board of Managers. 91 

STATE OF KANSAS, SCHOOIi WOBK. 

Kansas State Normal School, Emporia, A. R. Taylor, president: Students' work- 
Kansas State Normal School (model school): Pupils' work. 
Kansas State University, F. H. Snow, chancellor: Courses of study and work. 
Kansas State Agricultural College, G. T. Fairchild, president: Industrial work. 

Mining Exhibit Awards. 

Cement from gypsum: Best Bros., Medicine Lodge. 

Vitrified brick: Vitrified Brick and Paving Company, Topeka. 

Rock salt: Lyons Rock Salt Company, Lyons. 

R. S. V. P. table salt: Kansas Salt Company, Hutchinson. 

Metallic lead and zinc (two together): Lead from Col. W. B. Stone, Galena; zinc 
from Cherokee Spelter Company, Weir City. 

Lead and zinc ores, from Galena: The J. M. Cooper Mining and Mercantile Com- 
pany, lead; W. F. Sapp, zinc. 

Miscellaneous Awards. 

North American mammals: L. L. Dyche, Lawrence. 

Windmill: B. T. Stauber, Concordia. 

The Acme Cement Plaster Company, Salina, received the highest award and medal 
in competition with all other hard plasters. The award was made on the following 
qualities: Hardness, durability, fire-proof qualities, tensile strength, beauty of finish, 
and susceptibility to high polish. 

On October 26, Mrs. Flora Bate Kenney, of Emporia, passed the expert jury on 
both piano and pipe organ. 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company: Miniature train, run by elec- 
tricity, in Kansas building. 

The foregoing awards are all that were made to exhibitors in the Kansas 
departments of the different buildings. If any others have been made to in- 
dependent exhibitors, we regret very much that they have not been handed 
to us to be reported along with the above. 



Financial Exhibit. 



Treasurer's Report. 

EECEIPTS. 



Keceived from state treasurer $43,764 02 

* ' " Clay County Columbian Association .' 199 40 

" " Sherman County Columbian Association 30 00 

" " Thomas County Columbian Association ; 50 00 

" " Woman's Columbian Clubs | 206 93 

" " Treasurer Saline county 564 00 

" " Geary County Columbian Association 98 00 

" " H. H. Kern, corn sold 16 15 

" Ladies' Club, Chanute ...; 34 25 

" " Franklin. County Columbian Association ' 182 58 

" " F. G. Adams, secretary State Historical Society ! 185 00 

" " Privileges, Kansas building ; 328 00 

" " Ladies of the Eastern Star ■ 1 00 

" " World's Columbian Exposition, overpaid on water fixtures 3 83 

" " Mrs. A. M. Clark, on jelly exhibit 37 67 

" " H. H. Kern, sale of Kansas building 200 00 

" " Insurance on premises refunded 20 82 

" " H. H. Kern, sale of grains, etc i 293 89 

" " H. H. Kern, sale of furniture ' 15 00 

" M. W. Cobun, corn sold 26 40 

" " Mrs. A. M. Clark, woman's department 23 40 

" " Shawnee County Columbian Association 190 62 

" " Topeka Athletic Club, fountain sold ; 10 00 

" " The E. D. Albro Company, walnut log sold | 140 00 

I 

Total receipts ; $46,620]96 



DISBURSEMENTS. 



Indebtedness, old Board 

Expense Kansas building 

Expense agricultural exhibit 

Horticultural exhibit 

Educational exhibit 

Mineral exhibit 

Natural history exhibit 

Historical exhibit 

Live stock exhibit 

Dairy exhibit 

Forestry exhibit 

Woman's department 

Board of Managers 

Wages, employes 

Freight charges 

Express charges 

Stationery and postage 

Light and heat 

Water and ice 

Statistics, prison and charitable Institutions. 

Expenses of " Kansas week " 

Printing and binding 

Refunded to Columbian associations, etc 

Miscellaneous expenditures 



Total. 



112,005 62 

2,874 68 

7,235 46 

1,605 23 

1,000 00 

1,539 25 

783 10 

665 07 

921 24 

827 57 

608 00 

368 45 

8,270 26 

1,100 77 

1,881 04 

78 66 

43 25 

15 15 

258 37 

147 80 

1,655 36 

522 08 

1,456 60 

757 95 

H6,620 96 



(92) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 



93 



RECAPITULATION. 



Amount appropriated by the state , 

Less amount retained in the state treasury to reimburse counties and corporations, 

Balance of appropriation available 

Received from miscellaneous sources 

Total .- 

Total amount expended 

Balance of appropriation unexpended 



$65,000 00 
19,097 81 



$45,902 19 
2,856 94 



$48,759 13 
46,620 96 



$2,138 17 



All just claims have been audited by the Board and paid; all loans to the Board, from whatever 
source, have been paid ; and, of the $65,000 appropriated by the legislature, there remains an unex- 
pended balance of $2,138.17. Property and exhibits to the value of $1,419 have been turned over to the 
state. This does not include a large amount of property and ornamental fixtures upon which no value 
has been placed. rj. j Andebson, Treasurer. 



Conclusion. 



The foregoing is but a faint and imperfect representation of the place that 
Kansas occupied in the great Columbian Exposition; the exposition that 
well represented the genius, skill, work, discoveries and intelligence of the 
world, and where all nations assembled, in the persons of their representa- 
tives, to do homage to the great republic — the child of the discoveries of the 
great Columbus. 

Kansas did her part nobly in that magnificent exposition. Her good peo- 
ple aided earnestly and patriotically the Board of Commissioners in placing 
her in the foreground. They contributed of their substance, of their live stock, 
of their relics and family keepsakes, to aid in the part that they felt Kansas 
ought to take. Well and nobly did they do their part in placing Kansas in 
the front rank of the states and nations of the earth. The 152 premiums, 
medals and awards taken by her citizens, on the grains, grasses and forage 
plants contributed by them, bear willing tribute to the fertility of Kansas 
soil, and the skill of her husbandmen and the intelligence of her agricultur- 
ists. The 40 premiums, medals and ribbons awarded to the fine flocks and 
herds of Kansas, shown in competition with the best of animals collected 
from the greatest herds of two hemispheres, attest the skill, enterprise and in- 
telligence of her stock breeders. The exhibition of the produce of the mines 
of Kansas was a wonder, even to many of her own citizens. They did not 
appreciate the extent and vastness of the hidden wealth existing beneath her 
soil. That exhibition demonstrated that it only needed the capitalist and 
the miner to bring forth and utilize their millions of hidden treasure. 

Her colleges and schools give evidence of the interest that her people take 
in education. Nearly a score of colleges and her 3,000 common schools con- 
tributed of the skill of the schoolroom, and the intelligence of the scholar 
demonstrated that Kansas was not a laggard in her devotion and interest in 
the education of her children. Her magnificent display of the fruits of the 
orchard and of the vineyard demonstrated the skill and intelligence of her 
horticulturists. In the forestry building, among other things, was exhibited 
the trunk of a walnut tree grown on Kansas soil that was 40 years old when 
Columbus discovered America. Four hundred years of that time that mon- 
arch of the forest had no associates but solitude and the Indian ; but in the 
last 40 years of its life it looked on the triumph of American genius, and the 
skill and intelligence of the Kansas pioneer. It witnessed the vast prairies of 
Kansas decorated with enteri)rising villages, with schoolhouses and churches, 

(94) 



Report of the Board of Managers. 95 

all combining to add glory and renown to our state, and in the grand Colum- 
bian Exposition these things became known and were advertised to the world. 
The benefits to be derived from them in the future cannot be estimated. 
Enterprising citizens will flock to Kansas from other parts of the world, and 
unite with us in making Kansas one of the greatest of states, inhabited by 
a happy, intelligent and generous people. 

The Commissioners feel that they did their duty to the extent of their 
ability. They worked honestly and faithfully to assure the distinguished 
governor of the state that they appreciated the appointments conferred, and 
were determined that no act of negligence or the shirking of any duty upon 
their part should disappoint him in the confidence reposed in them. Over 
200 premiums, awards and medals secured to citizens of Kansas prove that 
the Board was no laggard in the race for fame. They believe that they have 
aided in a small degree to the making of Kansas one of the brightest stars in 
the great constellation of American states, and feel that, if she is great to-day, 
her greatness, her power, her influence and her wealth are yet in their infancy. 
The people of Kansas are proud of their commonwealth, and thank " Him 
who doeth all things well" that they are permitted to live in the "sunflower" 
state and call Kansas their home. 



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XLIY.— Kansas exhibit of Spelter and Zixc Ores 

Building. (Page 74.) 



-Mines and Mining 



APPENDIX. 



Dedicatory Exercises. 



October 22, 1892. 

The following program was successfully carried out: 

Master of ceremonies, W. H. Smith. 

Invocation, by Rev. D. C. Milner. 

Music, "Hail, Happy Kansas," original, by Modoc Glee Club. 

Address, by ex-Lieut. Gov. A. J. Felt. 

Song, "Star Spangled Banner," by Mrs. Addie Jewell-Newton. 

Address, by ex-State Supt. of Pub. Inst. Geo. W. Winans. 

Music, "Hail to the Flag of Our Nation," original, by Modoc Club. 

Address, by Hon. Martin Mohler, secretary State Board of Agriculture. 

Song, "A Kansas Lullaby," H. V. Hinckley. 

Address, by ex-Atty. Gen. John N. Ives. 

Music, "0 Hail Us, Ye Free," by Modoc Club. 

Address, by Mrs. Lewis Hanback. 

Song, "Deep in the Cellar," by Charles Reeske. 

Address, by Mrs. Robt. B. Mitchell. 

Music, "Comrades in Arms," by Modoc Club. 

Dedicatory address, by Chief Justice A. H. Horton. 

The program had been hastily prepared, and the addresses were necessa- 
rily impromptu. This fact did not detract from, but rather added to, the 
interest of the occasion, because the words spoken came from the hearts of 
the speakers, and were the uppermost thoughts of men and women who love 
Kansas. 

Lieutenant Governor Felt expressed pleasure in the fact that Kansas had 
been first in many things, and it was appropriate that she should be first to 
dedicate her state building. She had been first to float a banner over a com- 
pleted state building on the exposition grounds. She had been the first state 
in the union to declare that the sun should never rise on a master and set 
upon a slave. It is not area that makes Kansas great; it is the manhood 
and womanhood of our citizens, the product of American ideas, born in times 
of great conflict, and heralded through all ages. In Kansas was heard the 
crack of the first rifle dedicating the country to freedom. Kansas was ac- 
customed to dedicatory ceremonies. It is the state that dedicates a church 
every Sunday, and a schoolhouse every week day. The state was formerly 
the property of the king of Spain, and he was confident that, had Columbus 
first discovered Kansas, he would not have returned to Spain. Referring to 

(99) 



100 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

the fertility of the soil, he said that the farm crops of a single harvest, if 
laden on freight cars, would circle the globe; yet 15 years ago the pro- 
ducing ability of the state was unknown. We are no longer poverty stricken ; 
we have in our state treasury $900,000 in excess of any other state in the 
union. 

The address of State Supt. Geo. W. Winans reviewed 25 years' knowl- 
edge of the schools of the state. He had seen the school population 
grow from 76,000 to 500,000; the organized school districts from 1,300 
to 9,000; the enrollment from 45,000 to 400,000; the number of public- 
school teachers from 1,600 to 12,000; the valuation of school property from 
$800,000 to $11,000,000; the number of school buildings from 900 to 9,000; 
the annual expense of maintaining from $250,000 to $5,000,000; the per- 
manent school fund from $500,000 to $6,000,000. We have not only the 
largest but the best educational agency in the United States. The exhibit 
of our schools in this building, and in the main educational exhibit, will be 
excelled by none. By the efforts of our school children, a fund of 85,000 
has been raised, and they will do much more. The people of Kansas give 
money, time and words of encouragement to our cause. Our educational in- 
stitutions cannot be other than favorably compared with any in the country, 
and we are ever advancing. 

Secretary Martin Mohler, of the State Board of Agriculture, reviewed in 
exhaustive detail the agricultural advantages of Kansas. His address was 
mainly statistical, showing the condition of the industries and agricultural 
products of the state. He thought that a new day had dawned on Kansas, 
and that the time for experiment and adversity had given place to pros- 
perity. 

Attorney General John N. Ives praised the enterprise of the people of 
Kansas, who had erected a World's Fair building, and spoke eloquently of 
the state as never having been behind time in the enactment of liberal laws; 
she had given woman her rights, and blotted liquor from the state. He was 
proud to speak in a building that had given Kansas a home among the 
nations, and was the gift of her patriotic citizens. 

Mrs. Lewis Hanback told of woman's work in Kansas, particularly that 
which was made necessary when the legislature failed to make an appropria- 
tion for the construction of a building, or the collection of exhibits. The 
work had been completely successful, and this building will be decorated 
with an exhibit that will reflect credit on the artistic spirit of the women of 
the state. 

Mrs. Robert B. Mitchell, a pioneer, spoke of the hardships that had been 
overcome by the early settlers of Kansas. Many incidents in their heroic 
history were rehearsed, and great praise was given to the energy which had 
m.ide of the state m )re than the early pioneers had dared to dream. 

Chief Justice Albert H. Horton delivered the dedicatory address, of 
which the following is a copy : 



Dedicatory Exercises. 101 

Address of Hon. Albert H. Horton, 

CHIEF JUSTICE, KANSAS SUPKEMK COURT. 

[Dedicating the Kansas building upon the grounds of the Columbian Exposition, at Chicago, 

October 22, 1892.] 

Ladies and Gentlemen: We stand, friends, in the people's house, 
the house built by the people of Kansas. Not by any appropriation of the 
legislature; not by the single outlay of any great corporation interested in 
the material development of the state; not through the enterprise of any syn- 
dicate or company, formed with the hope of future reimbursement or profit ; 
not by any delegated or representative authority ; not through the levying 
of any tax, was this commodious and well-located house erected, but by the 
men, women and children of the state of Kansas in their own proper persons, 
casting with their own hands their voluntary gifts into the treasury. In the 
labors through which this house was built, and in the provision for funds to 
properly present the exhibits with which, next year, it will be filled, the 
women of Kansas have been conspicuous, efficient and enthusiastic laborers. 
They remembered, when it came to the making of laws in Kansas, our state 
built about them, like a strong wall, the statutes that protect them in their 
right to their property, their children, and themselves, and so the Kansas 
women glory in their state, here and everywhere. When the word was 
passed that the honor and good fame of Kansas, in the eyes of the nation 
and the world, demanded the state bear a part in the World's Columbian 
Exposition, our women remembered, and often when men said "stay" they 
said "go on." They toiled early and late. To them, and to the capable and 
efficient officers of the Kansas World's Fair Commission, all of whom de- 
serve the warmest praise for their work under severe difficulties and onerous 
burdens, this completed building, so suitable, so convenient, and so appro- 
priate for the object intended, is a triumphal arch of victory. 

COLUMBUS' BRAVE STORY NEVER OLD. 

Kansas joins in the commemoration of the achievement of Columbus be- 
cause it was a brave deed. A brave story never loses its charm in our state, 
even though it be 400 years old. Kansas is busy with the works of the 
nineteenth century, but, looking back, is most charmed and fascinated by 
the sixteenth century, ushered in by the plaudits that filled the world with 
what Columbus had done; the century of discovery; the century when the 
press began to multiply words, and sow thoughts and deeds; the century 
when the new and potent word "reform" began to be a word of power in 
church and state; the century when the new world, just found, began to be 
the leaven to make the whole world new. It is not merely the sailing and 
return of the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta that Kansas joins in 
celebrating, but being herself, as one may say, a newly-discovered country, 
she celebrates the spirit of discovery. She celebrates the deeds of the priests, 
missionaries, explorers, traders, many of them of the same Latin race and 
religion of Columbus ; the bold navigators, who first beheld and set forth on 



102 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

the boundless, unknown, uncharted sea of grass, amid which Kansas has 
arisen, as if by enchantment. Kansas, however, has never forgotten, never 
ceased to follow, those first seekers in the realm of mind ; those first believers 
in a new world of thought; those Columbuses who, unmoved by doubts or 
sneers, by indifference or opposition, have still believed in a higher and better 
life for men, and new and unbounded realms of liberty; these she has fol- 
lowed in her life, her history, and her laws. 

The people of Kansas, having built this house, will fill it, and with what? 
Under this roof and within these walls will be drawn out in living characters 
tlie history of Kansas. No other young state is so well prepared. Kansas 
wielded in her youth both the sword and pen. Her story has all been writ- 
ten down and preserved. From her collections and her archives will be 
brought relics — bruised arms and tattered banners, the implements of an- 
cient people, the writings of vanished hands, the stories of warriors and of 
statesmen as they set them down, so that he who passes along may see the 
whole story of Kansas — the then and the now. 

MUTE EVIDENCE OF PROGRESS. 

Here will be seen the mute, eloquent evidence of the progress of Kansas. 
This is not the time for statistics. The daybooks, the journals, the ledgers of 
Kansas will be open next year upon these walls. But it is refreshing, how- 
ever, and swells with patriotic fervor the heart of every Kansan, to be able to 
turn to the official estimates and show that our fruitful state has raised during 
the current year more than a bushel of wheat for every man, woman and 
child in the United States, and also has raised in addition more than two 
bushels of corn for each and all of them. From poverty to wealth ; from 
nothing to everything; from the Indian's narrow path through the wavy 
grass to the second railroad mileage of the United States ; from the pasture 
of the wild cattle to the fruitful fields, making Kansas a great compartment 
in the granary of the world ; from a handful of white people, living by suffer- 
ance among the Indians, for whom Kansas had been selected as a perpetual 
reservation, to a million and a half of the freest and the best people in the 
world, this story of growth will be set out here, so that those strangers who 
have been discoursing about a state of famine and failures, of grasshoppers 
and cyclones, will think that they have been dreaming, or reading the story 

of some other land. 

"If all the states were stars 

And woven in a crown, 
And as a mark of excellence 

On nature's brow were bound, 
Kansas, with a radiance bright. 
Would, from the very topmost height, 

Eclipse the light of all." 

While science, the mechanical invention, the hunter's skill, the natural- 
ist's preserving and restoring art, the school children's proudly-displayed 
charts, the products of the mine, the cunning fiishioning of the artisan — all 



Dedicatory Exercises. 103 

of Kansas — will here be shown; most brightly will shine here the joint work 
of nature and the farmers of our state. On these walls will glow the im- 
prisoned sunlight, such as is known nowhere in the world except in Kansas. 
Here and there will be arranged stalks of corn, overlooking all the other 
corn in the United States and gazing into the far beyond. Devices fashioned 
by tasteful and skillful hands out of wheat and oats and grass, the fruits 
of the farm, the acceptable sacrifice of Abel — more lovely than the lilies 
of the field, which were fairer " than Solomon in all his glory " — will here show, 
after a manner, what Kansas is, as a cup full of sparkling water may illus- 
trate the beauty and glory and refreshing of the exhaustless fountain. 

SUGGESTIVE AND INSTRUCTIVE FIGURES. 

Here, somew^here, will be displayed a map of Kansas, that great rectangle 
400 miles long and 200 miles wide, with straight lines on three sides, and 
straight on the other save for an indentation in the northeast corner. There 
will be suggestive and instructive figures on that map. They will show that 
it is a map of the largest body of tillable land lying compactly on the face 
of the earth; a great possible farm, plow land and pasture, with some tim- 
ber, and plenty of coal and stone, of 52,000,000 acres. At least that is what 
it was originally, but a considerable portion has been taken for pleasant and 
profitable town sites — profitable for those who sold early. The map will tell 
other things; for instance, the population, the diversified crops, the varied 
industries, the countless herds of cattle and stock, the towns and cities, the 
number and location of the schoolhouses of the state, those stars that are re- 
fulgent with light. But the great fact the map will impress upon the mil- 
lions who are to look upon it will be, that in the heart of the continent and in 
the center of the United States lies this great tract of 52,000,000 acres, only 
17,000,000 acres of which have yet known the useful care of the husband- 
man. Moreover, if the searcher of the map will continue the parallels which 
form the northern and southern boundaries of Kansas, following them east 
and west to the Atlantic and Pacific, he will see that between them lie 
many of the gold mines, and the silver mines, and the coal mines, and the 
lead mines, and the zinc mines, and the corn fields, and the wheat fields of 
the continent, and so of the world. 

And when all is gathered in, and Kansas skill and ingenuity and taste 
have done all that can be done, and the Kansas men and women and chil- 
dren come here, what will this Kansas exhibit, part of the great Columbian 
Exposition, in which a whole world displays its resources, say to them? 
What will it not say? What interest, what pride, will be theirs! Thousands 
of visitors will be young people, the first generation born and reared in Kan- 
sas; and with what joy and pride will they speak of the place of the state of 
their nativity! Kansas will be justified of her children. Kansas, though 
yet a new country, has had her exiles, her absentees, her prodigals, driven 
from her borders by circumstances; by the unexplainable unrest which makes 
so many Americans wanderers; by temporary misfortunes, which could as 



104 Kansas at the World's Fair^ 1893. 

well have been repaired in Kansas as elsewhere. Wherever you go you find 
the people who formerly lived in Kansas. The story of Robinson Crusoe 
cannot be repeated, for no shipwrecked sailor can now be thrown upon an 
island to suffer absolute solitude. He would find that a Kansas man had 
escaped the waves, and got ashore ahead of him. 

WILL SEE AND FEEL THE CHARM. 

Here they will come, as visitors, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of them. 
And what will they see? More than anyone else. They will see how Kan- 
sas has grown since they went away. They will see the names of counties 
here that when they left were but names only, mere designations of great 
squares of buflfalo grass, with here and there a few lonely and shivering cot- 
ton woods; now fields, gardens, farmsteads, villages, towns, cities. 

"Every field a smiling promise, 

Every home an Eden fair, 
And the angels — Peace and Plenty — 
Strewing blessings everywhere." 

They will feel again that charm, that spell of the Kansas earth and sky, 
which, once cast upon the human heart and spirit, can never be shaken off. 
They will see through these walls and over all the intervening leagues of 
land the green valleys, the bluffs, regular in their slope as the glacis of a 
fortress, capped with the white limestone ; they will see the rolling prairies — 
seeming to reach to the confines of the world ; they will hear the voice of the 
bold, free mind of Kansas, and, bending over all, behold a firmament that 
seems shaped into a higher arch than in other parts of the world, and each 
will joyfully say: "I will return." 

There will come here, also, thousands of visitors from the old world be- 
yond the wide seas, and they^will receive a message from their countrymen 
who have preceded them to the new world. That message will be, "We 
have prospered." Kansas, a country that knows no proscription, no ostra- 
cism, no prejudice, receives willingly and lovingly all who come to her am- 
ple bosom. Here will bring their sheaves, not the American born alone, but 
the former dweller by the Rhine, he who sang first amid the vineyards of 
France, the Switzer from his mountain, the Italian from his olive grove. In 
Kansas the broad acres are tilled by those who come from the very heart of 
the land of the midnight sun, and by those who once dwelt on the borders 
of the Caspian and the Black seas. Not merely from England and Scotland 
and Ireland have they come to Kansas, but from the borders of Turkey and 
the Caucasus. They will be here, these new citizens, proprietors, sover- 
eigns, in a new world, to speak for themselves and to show for themselves 
what men may do in a free land. 

DEDICATED TO LABOR, LIBERTY, AND LAW. 

Kansas is here, because she has not been disobedient to the heavenly 
vision ; because she believes, as she has always believed, in her own motto. 
Difficulties she knows, difficulties she expects; but through them all she 




XL v.— Kansas exhibit of Pro Lead and Lkad Orks — Mines and Mining 

Building. (Page 75.) 









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Dedicatory Exercises. 105 

pursues her way to the stars, a long journey, but to an ever-shining and ever- 
lasting goal. Once before, when the centennial of the republic was cele- 
brated, and when some of the older states, some of those which belonged to 
the original confederation, made no sign, young Kansas, 16 years younger 
than she is to-day, appeared with her products, and made a display, which 
no one who saw has ever forgotten. Now, she comes again, older and 
stronger and richer grown, to join in the commemoration of the great dis- 
coverer and the great discovery ; and if, a hundred years hence, in whatever 
land or country the world shall gather, to testify, as now, to the brotherhood 
of man, the kinship of labor, the fellowship of art, and to the truth that God 
"made of one blood all the nations of the earth," there will Kansas be in the 
midst. 

And so, gathered here this morning from Kansas, we dedicate this build- 
ing, this house upon the grounds of the World's Columbian Exposition, for 
the important purposes of its construction. We dedicate it in the name of 
her people, her men, her women, her children, each and all. We dedicate it 
to the memory of the bold Genoese sailor, who was brave and wise beyond 
his age, who commended himself to God when he set forth across the dark, 
wild seas, and again commended his soul to Him when he set forth on his 
last voyage, to another undiscovered country. We dedicate it to the memory 
of all the good and brave, who in all ages have held the advance, and have 
discovery made of truths that man should know. We dedicate it in the 
name of labor, without which men cannot live ; and of liberty, without which 
man's life is nothing worth ; and of law, which binds, yet holds men together 
in safety and in peace; and of Kansas, w^hich means them all. 



Columbian Ode. 



BY THOMAS BBOWEB PEACOCK. 
[Bead at Public Press Congress, in the Art Palace, Chicago, May 24, 1893.] 

Here Peace her olive branch now brings, 

An offering to all nations, 
And from the tips of her white wings 

Fall Love's own sweet ovations. 
By power of song, we here extend, impearled, 
The hand of fellowship to all the world. 
The beacons lit by Liberty 
Shine from our shores across the sea. 
From lowly vales to mountains capped with snow 

Freedom's fair banner floats alone ; 
Westward the pilgrim millions go 

From out the shadows of the throne — 
Far from the lands of legends old they teem, 
To bathe and live in Hope's immortal dream. 
This song to earth's unnumbered hosts, 

To congress of imperial minds, 
Breathes progress far from coasts to coasts, 

Where arbitrating pen divines — 
Less homage pay, O pilgrim, to life's material things ; 
Spirit and mind immortal shame the opulence of kings. 

A vision comes before my sight ! 

Behold the dreadful scenes of war ! 
The past is filled with clouds and night. 

With here and there a giim'ring star. 
I hear the thundering tread of hosts, 
The shout of victory on the coasts, 
And, inland, from the moaning sea 
I hear the cry of agony ! 
I see the vanquished leave their dead, 

And streams of blood the wide fields stain — 
Ten thousand shiv'ring ghosts have with them fled, 

Crying to God on high, and not in vain. 
Sad hour with those who weep the bitter tear, 
When Horror leads the van, and Death brings up the rear. 

On dreary shores they scattered lie, 
Their bones are bleaching in the wind, 

(106) 



Columbian Ode. 107 

Where ruthless Death hurled them unkind, 

While driven on, the living hosts pass by. 
Grim-visaged War all mercy sweet denies. 
The sounds of battle echo o'er the deep ! 
The God of Battle see ! the terror of his eyes ! 
From out his sceptred hand havoc and ruin leap ! 
The past is war's dark clouds, defiled ; 

For Freedom's sacred altar fires, 
Or for Ambition's lusts run wild. 

To riot in unholy, base desires. 
On through the ages might alone was right. 

While bellowed War's dread tempest throughout the awful night. 
'Tis done ! 0, lies the mighty low : 

On high his ebon plumes Death shakes — 
The flick'ring lights of torches glow, 

And on the field, lo ! Terror wakes ! 
Death ! drink thy fill, thou tyrant vile. 
And on thy bloody banquet smile ^ — 
But hearken to the voice, sublime, 
Thundering down the halls of time : 
"There is no death, O dead and living hear ! 

E'en though within the lost and silent tomb ; 
Though Death, clothed 'round about with dread, austere, 

With giant strides appears eternal doom — 
Those whom he slew are not beneath his tread. 
But they are safe on high, and Death himself is dead." 

From Caesar unto Charlemagne 

Belched carnage on a race of slaves, 
Slaves to a despot's blood-red reign. 

Slaves at the feet of heartless knaves : 
While War's dark front we ever meet, 
And Battle stamps his bloody feet. 
Like some dense cloud which doth the sun defy, 
The past, through which the tyrant trod, 
And longed to rend the starry sky, 
And trample o'er the thrones of God. 
And conquerors swept triumphant through those years. 
On pathways soaked in blood and bitter tears. 
Through the Dark Ages, supreme did Ignorance reign, 

Ere one arose, a Nestor, with learning's light ; 
Then wise Lorenzo broke the heavy chain 

That bound mankind a thousand years to night. 
And loud for wider freedom the guardian angels sang, 
And the battlements of heaven with holy paeans rang. 
Behold ! a view of mystic wings ! 

Prophetic dream floats through the swale, 
Each morning bell of childhood rings 

And wakes the flowers along the vale : 
Beyond the sun and sweeping gale, 
All hail ! ye glorious beings, hail ! 
O, angel, worshiping in the temple of the night. 



108 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

Te«ch all men the secret of thy pure delight. 
Though brightest hopes have ever flown 

Beyond the star that heralds day, 
Time may reveal the Great Unknown 

And mystic Holy Grail essay — 
Beyond Hyperion towers of coming morn, 
The cloud-capped towers of ages yet unborn. 

At harbor lay a gallant fleet 

With banners floating in the wind, 
Enthralled with music soft and sweet 

Lo ! friends and Spain are left behind. 
Adieu ! Juan Perez, cast thine eyes 
On yonder distant melting skies. 
Above the roaring, seething mass. 
Where vessels speck yon slender pass. 
Yon admiral clothed in colors gay, 

Waves thee a thousand times farewell : 
O, shade of Perez ! hear to-day 

What lyre and paean fondly tell — 
'Twas thy. good logic sovereigns won, 
When he, the hero, was undone. 
Not till Columbus crossed the watery main. 
Did man, renascent, his true dominion gain. 

The bird that sings at Heaven's gate 

Stops, list'ning to the woodman's ax. 
Which startles, like the voice of fate. 

The Indian, when loud thunder cracks. 
The peopled air is all aflame. 
The winds sing loud our hero's name. 
While children come at eventide, 

Wondering eyes agleam with light, 
We'll tell how, o'er the ocean wide, 

Came the wanderer ; how the bright 
Homes of millions then were builded, 
How our heroes names were gilded. 
How our brave men and our sons 

Fought o'er fields of living blood ; 
How ten thousand skeletons 

Enrich the ground on which they stood. 
How the bison, bear, and deer. 
Fed the toiling pioneer — 
And from this soil, rich with our dead. 
The mouths of nations now are fed. 
The heroes of the ages gone, 

They made us what we are to-day, 
And meed of praise and tribute won 

From all that love America. 
Breathe halls of empires their united name, 
A glorious company that gild the scroll of fame. 



Columbian Ode. 109 

Through nature's towering colonnades, 

The white man drove the red man back ; 
Across the plains the wigwam fades, 

And dimmer grows the Indian track — 
The red men flee, by hands of progress hurled. 
As leaves by storm are swept across the world. 
Then the inventive minds of men 

Met the inventive God half way, 
And harnessed were the lightnings then : 

Swift messengers for man are they. 
Rest thee, good horse ; across the plains more fleet 
Now rushes on a steed with tireless feet. 
Where reigned the red man over all, 
Monarch, lord, and seneschal. 
The steamboat plies the winding stream, 

Extends the rail like network o'er the land ; 
The locomotive's piercing scream 

Is heard to-day on every hand. 
All-powerful, the press combines, 

School, rostrum, pulpit, public thought ; 
The cable, wizard-like, divines 

What in the waiting worlds is wrought. 
From lakes to gulf, and from sea to sea, 
God's sun shines on a race of slaves made free. 
At sight of nature's fair expanse, 

The poets'with Promethean fire. 
Upon the field of fame advance. 

And tune the sweet ^olian lyre. 
Our artists sketch, or paint, or pencil free. 
From lands of leal and skies like Italy. 

From Washington across the century. 

Borne upon the eagle wing of time. 
Our precepts teach 'tis better to be free 

From tyranny and tyrant's sceptred crime. 
Here all are crowned — no potentate alone — 
Each separate altar fire itself a peerless throne. 
May our dear flag wave ever, as it now unfurls 
Above the dust of empires and the crash of worlds. 
Though trusts and great monopoly 

A tower high of darkling trouble rears. 
This tower will topple in the sea 

Of stern mutation and the years — 
And o'er the unseen ruins sunk from sight, 
God will build a temple filled with holy light. 

Then shall the sword forever sleep, 

And shackled captives will be free, 
Where hecatombs once Death did reap, 

War, clouds a dreadful memory. 
No more beneath the despot's iron heel. 
Will man, proud man, a servile being feel. - 



110 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 

'Tis great to be a man, he that doth move 

Image of God, and arbiter divine : 
When many a cenotaph hath Love, 

What perfect days were thine and mine — 
Once more in lovely light earth's wide and stormy seas, 
The Christ will walk in beauty a thousand Galilees. 

O Star of Empire! — thou puissant power 

That rose in Asia's oriental clime. 
And hovered there, uncertain, for a time, 

Then winged thy way to Greece, propitious hour ; 
Her vigils fail, her watch fires slowly die : 
Lo ! over Rome, the star is in the sky ! 
Through ages vast, the mistress of the world, 

Rome held thee o'er her charmed hills — a flame — 
Sprang luxury and pride, and Rome was hurled 

From her high pedestal, crowned with fame. 
Beneath the feet of Goth and Vandal dread. 

To Germiany — to Briton's farther shore. 
There, bright beyond the altars of the dead. 

Thy glimmering light shines sweetly, as of yore, 
And brighter still, shines out thy face to-day, 
Over our own land, our own Ameeica ! 



Kansas Week. 



September n to i6, 1893. 

PROGRAM. 

T. J. Anderson, Master of Ceremonies. 
Monday, September 11. 
Will be devoted to registration at the Kansas State Building, and to general social 
intercourse. Music during the afternoon by the Modoc Club, Topeka, and 
Marshall's Military Band. Violin solo by Miss Ethel Diggs. 

Tuesday, SeptEaiber 12. 
10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. Address of welcome on behalf of the Kansas State 
Board by Hon. M. W. Cobun, President of the Board. Address of welcome on 
behalf of World's Columbian Commission by Hon. J. R. Bueton. Response 
by Gov. L. D. Lewelling. Music by Modoc Club, assisted by Alhambra Man- 
dolin Club, and Marshall's Military Band. 
3 P.M. — Concert by the Modoc Club, assisted by Miss Celeste B. Nellis, pianist, 

and Miss Jessie Lewelling, recitation. Address by Mrs. Anna L. Diggs. 
5 p. M. — Music by Marshall's Military Band. 

Wednesday, September 13. 

10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. "America." Combined Kansas Columbian Chorus ; 

Mrs. Gaston Boyd, directing. 

11 A. M. — Parlors, Kansas State Building. Gathering of the clan McKinley. Address 

of welcome by Gov. L, D. Lewelling on behalf of the citizens of Kansas. 
Response by Gov. Wm. MoKinley, of Ohio, on behalf of the clan. Music by 
the Modoc Club ; Mrs. Hebbebt J. Hodge, soloist. 

2 p. M. — Business meeting of the clan. Historical address by Dr. L. D. MoKinley 

of Kansas. 
11a.m. — Assembly Hall, TFoman'.s Building. Address, "Woman in Music," Mrs. 
Gaston Boyd. Music by Wichita Ladies' Chorus, and Newton Musical Union . 

3 p. M. — Assembly Hall. Concert by Wichita Musical Club, assisted by members 

Kansas City Chorus. 
5 p. M. — Kansas State Building. Second Regiment Band, Hutchinson. 
Thursday, September 14 — Editors' Day. 
The governor and staff, accompanied by the state officials, will visit the various 

state buildings during the forenoon. 
10 a.m. — Kansas State Building. Concert by Modoc Club. Recitation by Mrs. J 
M. McCown. Piano solo by Bebnice Pattebson Clarke. 

12 M. — Lunch. Kansas State Building. 

12 M. — Festival or Music Hall. Grand concert by Kansas Columbian Chorus. 

(Ill) 



112 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, 

2 p. M. — Inspection of Kansas exhibits in Agricultural, Horticultural and Mining 

Buildings. 

4 p. M. — Kansas State Building. Reception to the governor and state officials by 

the State Board of World's Fair Managers. Music by the Modoc Club, Second 
Regiment Band, and Musette and Alhambra Mandolin Clubs. Original poem, 
"The Women of Kansas," by Louise Lease. 

5 to 7:30 p. M. — Light refreshments. 

8 : 30 p. M. — Grand Stand in Court of Honor. Concert by Kansas Columbian Chorus. 

Friday, September 15. 
10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. Concert, Marshall's Military Band. 

3 p. M. — Festival Hall. Concert by the Kansas Columbian Chorus. 

7:30 p.m. — Festival Hall. Kansas Jubilee. Addresses by Senators Peffeb and 
Mabtin ; Congressmen Habbis, Bbodebick, Funston, Hudson, Cubtis, Davis, 
Bakeb, and Simpson ; Chief Justice Hoeton ; Hon. A. W. Smith, president 
State Board of Agriculture ; Hon. Solon O. Thaoheb, Hon. Geobge W. Glick, 
Mrs. Maby E. Lease, and other Kansans. Music by Marshall's Military Band, 
Modoc and Mandolin Clubs ; Miss Saba Bonelle, soloist. 

Saturday, September 16. 
Midway Plaisance, and " Home, Sweet Home." 

Address ^ 

BY HON. li. D. LEWELLING, GOVEBNOB OF KANSAS. 

Fellow-Citizens of Kansas and the World: I come to meet and 
greet you as a representative of Kansas, the laud of fertile prairies and per- 
petual sunshine. We are here to meet with the citizenship of the world. We 
are gathered from the four quarters of the globe as brothers and friends, not 
to disparage the resources of other states or nations, but each to speak in 
pride of the resources of his own. 

Chicago is the most wonderful city in the world ; its growth phenomenal ; 
its architectural spires and temples reach further heavenward than the world 
has ever before builded. But within this iuclosure Chicago itself is surpassed. 
Here is the growth of a single year; but it is the culmination of centuries of 
human toil and experience. The dreams of the Orient, the imaginary pal- 
aces of the "Arabian Nights," are here surpassed by the resplendent grandeur 
of this magical city. Here, also, are converged the mechanical skill, the 
genius, the arts and sciences of the world; each government to display its 
own. 

Our own Kansas is but newborn into the great constellation of states and 
nations which are here assembled. "Through difficulties to the stars" has 
been our inspiration, and, sure enough, on this glad day we are here to be 
counted as one in the galaxy of the world. We are here, with others, to 
boast of our achievements. 

We have had some bitter experiences in the earlier history of our state. 
To have been a pioneer in Kansas is to have been familiar with hardships 
and turbulent scenes, with ])ersecution, bloodshed, and sorrow; but to-day 
we have laid aside our sackcloth and ashes, to be clothed in the garments of 



Kansas Week. 113 

praise. When in combat the blood of the fair Adonis was spilled upon the 
ground, there sprung forth the beautiful white flower of peace; and so the 
moral and political combats of Kansas have preceded the bloom and fra- 
grance of a more exalted civilization. 

The spirit of John Brown is the incarnate spirit of progress, and goes 
marching on, to be reflected in the mighty achievements of an intelligent 
people. Prejudice is the black bat of civilization, existing only in the shad- 
ows; and from these shadows the people of Kansas are emerging. We chal- 
lenge the world to show an equal diff'usion of knowledge among the people of 
any state or government. Is it presumptuous to give this as a reason why 
the people of Kansas are the natural leaders in moral and political reforms? 
If Kansas joins the army of discontent, it is because of the intelligent yearn- 
ing of her people for more exalted conditions. The stolid slave plods on, in- 
different to his surroundings ; but the animated, educated and progressive 
citizen goes forward to fight the battles of intelligence, and place himself and 
his children in the front ranks of human progress. With deference to all, 
we modestly boast the intelligence of our people, and show you a record ex- 
hibiting a lower percentage of illiteracy than any other state in the union. 

If the statistician seeks a solution of our occasional discontent, and asks 
why we are constantly making explorations in the domain of political econ- 
omy, we point with pride to more than 9,000 schoolhouses which nestle upon 
our prairies. If he asks why we are the vanguard of political and moral re- 
form, we tell him of our district and normal schools, our colleges, our great 
university, and of the spires which rise from 4,500 churches. These are the 
institutions which mold the sentiments and shape the destinies of an ambitious 
people. The mountain air of the West swee]3S over our great panorama of 
open plains, embracing 80,000 square miles. The state, like a mighty scroll, 
unrolls from "the Andes of the West" until it touches the turbulent waters 
of the Missouri, and displays upon its prairie surface the homes of 200,000 
farmers, hundreds of villages and cities, and a population of nearly li million 
souls. 

You have heard of the great American desert, but have you heard of the 
wonderful resources of this great state ; of its wheat, and fruit, and corn, and 
cane; of the cattle upon its hills and in its valleys? 

In 1889, 274 million bushels of corn — sufficient to load a train of cars 
extending from New York city to the Golden Gate on the Pacific coast; in 
1891, 36 million dollars' worth of fattened animals for slaughter; last year, 
more than 70 million bushels of wheat — the most wonderful crop that ever 
responded to rain and sunshine and toil. 

Live stock, the same year, to the value of $109,024,141, representing 
of the meat-producing animals the sum of $50,759,496; add to this the 
fact that the animals slaughtered for human food, the same year, amounted 
to $35,280,273, and the dairy products of the state to $5,000,000, and the 
enormity of these figures astonishes and surprises the world. 

But our wealth is not alone on the surface. We boast of the greatest zinc 



114 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, 

smelters in America, supplying one-third of all the metallic zinc in the 
United States. The product of the smelters of one town in one year amounted 
to 2} million dollars. We boast the most wonderful rock quarries of the 
continent, embracing five colors and qualities of limestone, gray, yellow and 
brown sandstone, and two kinds of marble. 

Five counties, in 1891, produced nearly 67 million bushels of coal, the 
whole estimated at four million dollars; thus exceeding by several hundred 
thousand dollars the total coal output of our neighboring sister state, Missouri. 

The kitchens, parlors, shops and factories of a half-score prosperous cities 
are heated, lighted and supplied with motive power by a never-ceasing flow 
of natural gas, which last year saved the state 60 thousand dollars in fuel. 

During the same year, we produced 750 thousand dollars' worth of salt, 
and a dozen cities are ready to increase the output when transportation rates 
will justify their doing so. A great salt bed underlies the central part of the 
state, 60 miles wide, 200 miles long, from 300 to 700 feet deep, and 95 per 
cent. pure. There need be no alarm about the financial condition of our 
people, if salt will save us. 

The resources of our gypsum beds have entered into the construction of 
these World's Fair palaces which surround us; the annual output of gypsum 
amounting to 350 thousand dollars. Eight hundred and thirty-five tons of 
tine white plaster of Paris, known as "Keene's cement," was last year manu- 
factured in Medicine Lodge, and builded into the great structures of Denver, 
St. Louis, Chicago, New York, and Washington city. 

Sixty-one counties of the state produce excellent clay for common, pressed 
and vitrified brick, while 14 are pregnant with the best materials for drain 
tile and pottery. Ten million vitrified brick were produced in 1892; two 
factories were engaged in the manufacture of drain tile, and others of brown 
earthenware. 

Mineral paints, ochers and other similar products abound in unlimited 
quantitiesj and of different character from those which are found in other 
states of the great Mississippi valley; and, notwithstanding our mines ami 
quarries are still largely undeveloped, the annual output of the mineral re- 
sources of Kansas reaches nearly 10 million dollars. And thus is our future 
prosperity foreshadowed. 

It is true the nation is in the midst of great financial depres:>;ion, and I 
shudder to contemplate the suffering and misery already at hand. The 
people are looking to Washington, and crying to their chosen representatives, 
"Watchman, what of the night?" But, with the inspiration born of hope 
and experience, the people of Kansas are looking beyond the shadow, and 
are also saying, "O, watchman, what of the glorious day?" AVhat of the 
transcendent future of our commonwealth? In response, let rae say to you, 
men and women of Kansas, that on you depends that the future shall mul- 
tiply the blessings of our people. But I have faith in your integrity of pur- 
pose. As the turbulent waves of ocean purify its waters, so the social and 
political ui)heavals will purify and invigorate the people. Kansas leads, but 



Kansas Week. 115 

Dever follows ; nor does she bow to the dictatorial precedents established by 
a less progressive age. 

Kansas is the offspring of Liberty ! Born out of the throes of revolution 
— the stormy petrel of the nation — she rises to the mountain heights of civ- 
ilization. To-day she joins in the friendly rivalry of nations to present the 
evidences of her worth and greatness. While admitting few superiors, her 
children stand in awe at the magnitude of this wonderful display. It has 
been my good fortune to visit these scenes before, but no visions of the night 
have wrought such mental impressions as were left by the illumination of 
these wonderful palaces of the world. 

When I stood by the great basin within this inclosure, I was in fairy land. 
I thought of Venice — of the temple of the sun — of Eden — of the streets 
and parks of the New Jerusalem — of the city with 12 gates! At the ap- 
proach of night, the light of a million electric bulbs flashed al6ng the water's 
edge, gondolas shot from the darkness, the happy voices reverberated in song 
across the waves, the fountains sprang into life, while the electric search 
lights, like the All-seeing Eye, pierced their sprays and displayed a lunar 
rainbow, as if it were a benediction of peace pronounced upon the assembled 
nations of earth! The voices of a myriad bands sounded a mighty applause, 
and I wept very tears of joy and admiration, while our hearts throbbed with 
a wild, triumphant exultation over the manifest achievements of the race! 

O, people of earth, these are the victories of peace! and "peace hath her 
victories no less renowned than war." Here, in miniature, is "the federation 
of the world;" here is the condensation of human energy and achievement; 
here is the crown upon the brow of labor; and here, too, our thank offering 
for the gracious bounties of nature! To-day we may well excuse the mad 
frenzy of enthusiasm, "and shake hands with every cornstalk; and crown 
every sheaf with laurel." And finally, as the benediction of Kansas, permit 
me to say, this is a time for the silver chain of destiny to draw into closer 
relations the whole people of earth ! It is a time for the diverse interests of 
the nations to be blended, and lost, like the seven colors of the prism, in the 
pure, white light of eternal peace and fellowship. 



i 



